B9 - Respiration Flashcards
What is aerobic respiration and where does it occur in cells?
Respiration WITH oxygen, in the mitochondria.
What is produced during aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide and water
What is anaerobic respiration and where does it occur in cells?
Respiration WITHOUT oxygen, in the cytoplasm
What is produced during anaerobic respiration in animals/humans?
Lactic acid
What is produced during anaerobic respiration in pants?
Ethanol and carbon dioxide
Is respiration an endo- or exothermic reaction?
Exothermic
What is the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2»_space;> 6CO2 + 6H2O
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animal cells?
Glucose > lactic acid
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells?
Glucose > ethanol + carbon dioxide
In which type of respiration is more energy released?
Aerobic
Why does anaerobic respiration release less energy than aerobic respiration?
The oxidation of glucose is incomplete in anaerobic respiration
What do organisms need energy for?
- Chemical reactions to build larger molecules
- Movement (by enabling muscles to contract)
- Keeping warm
What do humans manufacture, using anaerobic respiration in yeast?
Bread and alcoholic drinks
Why is anaerobic respiration in yeast used when making bread?
The carbon dioxide makes the bread rise
Why is anaerobic respiration in yeast used when making alcoholic drinks?
Carbon dioxide can make the drinks fizzy, ethanol is what makes it alcoholic
How does the human body react to an increased demand for energy?
Heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume increase
Why does the breathing rate and breath volume increase during exercise?
To take in more oxygen
Why does heart rate increase during exercise?
To supply the muscles with more oxygen and glucose in the blood
To remove carbon dioxide
To remove lactic acid
To remove heat
Why do muscles need more oxygen and glucose during exercise?
There is an increased rate of respiration
What does a build-up of lactic acid cause in muscles?
Muscle fatigue
What is an oxygen debt?
The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells
Where is lactic acid converted back into glucose?
The liver
How is lactic acid transported to the liver?
By the blood
What is produced when enzymes chemically break down carbohydrates?
Glucose (simple sugars)
What is produced when enzymes chemically break down lipids?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What is produced when enzymes chemically break down proteins?
Amino acids
What is “metabolism”?
The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body
What is the energy released via respiration used for in cells?
The continual enzyme controlled processes of metabolism that synthesise new molecules.
Name three cellular reactions, which could be included under the term “metabolism”.
- Conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
- The formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids
- The use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which are used to synthesise proteins
- Respiration
- Breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion.
