B9 - Respiration

Question 1

What is aerobic respiration and where does it occur in cells?

Answer 1

Respiration WITH oxygen, in the mitochondria.

Question 2

What is produced during aerobic respiration?

Answer 2

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 3

What is anaerobic respiration and where does it occur in cells?

Answer 3

Respiration WITHOUT oxygen, in the cytoplasm

Question 4

What is produced during anaerobic respiration in animals/humans?

Answer 4

Lactic acid

Question 5

What is produced during anaerobic respiration in pants?

Answer 5

Ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 6

Is respiration an endo- or exothermic reaction?

Answer 6

Exothermic

Question 7

What is the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 7

C6H12O6 + 6O2&raquo_space;> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 8

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animal cells?

Answer 8

Glucose > lactic acid

Question 9

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells?

Answer 9

Glucose > ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 10

In which type of respiration is more energy released?

Answer 10

Aerobic

Question 11

Why does anaerobic respiration release less energy than aerobic respiration?

Answer 11

The oxidation of glucose is incomplete in anaerobic respiration

Question 12

What do organisms need energy for?

Answer 12

• Chemical reactions to build larger molecules
• Movement (by enabling muscles to contract)
• Keeping warm

Question 13

What do humans manufacture, using anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Answer 13

Bread and alcoholic drinks

Question 14

Why is anaerobic respiration in yeast used when making bread?

Answer 14

The carbon dioxide makes the bread rise

Question 15

Why is anaerobic respiration in yeast used when making alcoholic drinks?

Answer 15

Carbon dioxide can make the drinks fizzy, ethanol is what makes it alcoholic

Question 16

How does the human body react to an increased demand for energy?

Answer 16

Heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume increase

Question 17

Why does the breathing rate and breath volume increase during exercise?

Answer 17

To take in more oxygen

Question 18

Why does heart rate increase during exercise?

Answer 18

To supply the muscles with more oxygen and glucose in the blood
To remove carbon dioxide
To remove lactic acid
To remove heat

Question 19

Why do muscles need more oxygen and glucose during exercise?

Answer 19

There is an increased rate of respiration

Question 20

What does a build-up of lactic acid cause in muscles?

Answer 20

Muscle fatigue

Question 21

What is an oxygen debt?

Answer 21

The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells

Question 22

Where is lactic acid converted back into glucose?

Answer 22

The liver

Question 23

How is lactic acid transported to the liver?

Answer 23

By the blood

Question 24

What is produced when enzymes chemically break down carbohydrates?

Answer 24

Glucose (simple sugars)

Question 25

What is produced when enzymes chemically break down lipids?

Answer 25

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 26

What is produced when enzymes chemically break down proteins?

Answer 26

Amino acids

Question 27

What is “metabolism”?

Answer 27

The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body

Question 28

What is the energy released via respiration used for in cells?

Answer 28

The continual enzyme controlled processes of metabolism that synthesise new molecules.

Question 29

Name three cellular reactions, which could be included under the term “metabolism”.

Answer 29

• Conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
• The formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids
• The use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which are used to synthesise proteins
• Respiration
• Breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion.