B7 Non Comminicable Disease Flashcards
what causes a tumour?
uncontrolled cell division by mitosis
what are benign tumours?
growths of abnormal cells in one area
the cells are usually contained within a membrane
do benign tumours invade other parts of the body?
no, they stay in one place
what do malignant cells do?
invade neighbouring tissues and move into the bloodstream. they then spread into other parts of the body forming secondary tumours
what are some risk factors of cancer?
genetics
lifestyle
environment
what does radon do?
damages the DNA in cells
this is because it is ionising radiation emitter
what is a non-communicable disease?
a disease which cannot be spread from person to person
what is health?
the state of physical and mental wellbeing
what can ill health be caused by?
both communicable and non-communicable diseases
life situations such as diet, environment, levels of stress
what is epidemiology?
studying the patterns of disease to determine risk factors
how do scientists determine a correlation?
plotting a scatter graph
what does correlation not prove?
correlation does not prove cause
what is a causal mechanism?
a scientific explanation of how something could cause a disease
e.g. cigarettes and lung cancer
what can scientists do to avoid bias in an investigation?
take as large a sample as possible and it must be as random as possible
what are some examples of non-communicable diseases?
cardiovascular diseases
type 2 diabetes
most types of cancer
what are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases?
diet - high levels of fats and low amounts of vegetables increase cholesterol
high levels of salt increases blood pressure
smoking
not enough exercise
what does smoking increase the risk of?
cardiovascular diseases
lung cancer - smoke contains carcinogens
other lung diseases
can harm an unborn baby - increases risk of miscarriage, premature birth and low body mass
what does drinking while pregnant cause?
fetal alcohol syndrome - can cause learning disabilities, mental or physical problems
what does drinking alcohol increase the risk of?
liver cirrhosis liver cancer memory loss brain damage addiction
what is type 2 diabetes?
when people struggle to control blood glucose levels
what does type 2 diabetes lead to?
blindness
amputation of a limb
what increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes?
being obese
what risk factors are not linked to lifestyle?
substances in the environment
e.g. radon (radioactive gas which increases the risk of lung cancer)
