B7 Non Comminicable Disease

Question 1

what causes a tumour?

Answer 1

uncontrolled cell division by mitosis

Question 2

what are benign tumours?

Answer 2

growths of abnormal cells in one area

the cells are usually contained within a membrane

Question 3

do benign tumours invade other parts of the body?

Answer 3

no, they stay in one place

Question 4

what do malignant cells do?

Answer 4

invade neighbouring tissues and move into the bloodstream. they then spread into other parts of the body forming secondary tumours

Question 5

what are some risk factors of cancer?

Answer 5

genetics
lifestyle
environment

Question 6

what does radon do?

Answer 6

damages the DNA in cells

this is because it is ionising radiation emitter

Question 7

what is a non-communicable disease?

Answer 7

a disease which cannot be spread from person to person

Question 8

what is health?

Answer 8

the state of physical and mental wellbeing

Question 9

what can ill health be caused by?

Answer 9

both communicable and non-communicable diseases

life situations such as diet, environment, levels of stress

Question 10

what is epidemiology?

Answer 10

studying the patterns of disease to determine risk factors

Question 11

how do scientists determine a correlation?

Answer 11

plotting a scatter graph

Question 12

what does correlation not prove?

Answer 12

correlation does not prove cause

Question 13

what is a causal mechanism?

Answer 13

a scientific explanation of how something could cause a disease
e.g. cigarettes and lung cancer

Question 14

what can scientists do to avoid bias in an investigation?

Answer 14

take as large a sample as possible and it must be as random as possible

Question 15

what are some examples of non-communicable diseases?

Answer 15

cardiovascular diseases
type 2 diabetes
most types of cancer

Question 16

what are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases?

Answer 16

diet - high levels of fats and low amounts of vegetables increase cholesterol
high levels of salt increases blood pressure
smoking
not enough exercise

Question 17

what does smoking increase the risk of?

Answer 17

cardiovascular diseases
lung cancer - smoke contains carcinogens
other lung diseases
can harm an unborn baby - increases risk of miscarriage, premature birth and low body mass

Question 18

what does drinking while pregnant cause?

Answer 18

fetal alcohol syndrome - can cause learning disabilities, mental or physical problems

Question 19

what does drinking alcohol increase the risk of?

Answer 19

liver cirrhosis
liver cancer
memory loss
brain damage
addiction

Question 20

what is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 20

when people struggle to control blood glucose levels

Question 21

what does type 2 diabetes lead to?

Answer 21

blindness

amputation of a limb

Question 22

what increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes?

Answer 22

being obese

Question 23

what risk factors are not linked to lifestyle?

Answer 23

substances in the environment

e.g. radon (radioactive gas which increases the risk of lung cancer)