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GCSE AQA Biology 9-1 > B16 Adaptation, interdependence and competition > Flashcards

B16 Adaptation, interdependence and competition Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a habitat?

A

the environment where an organism lives

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2
Q

what is a population?

A

the total number organisms of the same species living in the same geographical area

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3
Q

what is a community?

A

the populations of all the different species that live in the same habitat

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4
Q

What is the biotic part of the environment?

A

all the living organisms of the environment

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5
Q

what are the abiotic parts of an environment?

A

the non-living parts

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6
Q

what is an ecosystem?

A

the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment and how they interact

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7
Q

why do living organisms have to compete with each other?

A

the resources they need to get from the environment are in short supply

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8
Q

what do plants compete for?

A

light
space
water
mineral ions

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9
Q

what do animals compete for?

A

food
water
mating partners
territory

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10
Q

what is interdependence?

A

where all the different species in a community depend on each other

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11
Q

what do plants provide for other organisms?

A

food
shelter

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12
Q

what do animals provide for other organisms?

A

food
pollination of plants
seed dispersal

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13
Q

what is a stable community?

A

where the populations of species remain fairly constant
this means the populations of organisms are in balance with each other and the abiotic factors in the environment

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14
Q

what are abiotic factors that affect communities?

A
  • light intensity
  • temperature
  • moisture levels
  • soil pH
  • wind intensity and direction
  • availability of O2 and CO2
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15
Q

what are some biotic factors affecting communities?

A
  • availability of food
  • new pathogens
  • new predators
  • interspecific competition
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16
Q

what is a quadrat?

A

a sample area used for measuring the abundance and distribution of organisms in the field

17
Q

why is sampling used?

A

it would take too long to sample a whole area

18
Q

what is a transect?

A

a measured line or area along which ecological measurements are made

19
Q

what is competition?

A

the process by which living organisms compete with each other for limited resources

20
Q

what do animals compete for?

A
  • food
  • terratory
  • mates
21
Q

what is a successful competitor?

A

an animal which is adapted to be better at getting a mate or find food than other organisms

22
Q

what do plants compete for?

A
  • light for photosynthesis
  • water
  • nutrients in the soil
  • space to grow
23
Q

how do plants adapt to cope with competition?

give examples of adaptations

A
  • flowering early
  • different types of roots
  • growing taller
24
Q

what are extremophiles?

A

organisms which can survive and reproduce in extreme conditions

25
Q

what are some examples of extreme environments?

A
  • high or low temperatures
  • very salty environments
26
Q

what are the types of adaptations in animals?

A
  • structural
  • behavioural
  • functional - related to a process
27
Q

what are some adaptations of animals living in cold climates?

A
  • small SA:V ratio
  • SA of thin skinned areas is small
  • mammals may have insulation
  • fur
28
Q

what is camoflage?

A

a structural adaptation which allows animals to blend into their environment

29
Q

what are the challenges of living in the dessert?

A
  • lack of water
  • stopping body temperature from getting too high or low
30
Q

what are some adaptations of animals that live in dry climates?

A
  • kidneys that produce concentrated urine
  • most active in mornings and evenings
  • rest in burrows or shade
  • large SA:V ratio
  • large thin ears
31
Q

what are some adaptations of plants?

A
  • changing the SA of leaves to prevent water loss or collect water
  • large root systems to collect water
  • fleshy leaves to store water

GCSE AQA Biology 9-1 (20 decks)

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