B7 Ecology v1 Flashcards
what are three types of adaptation
functional, behavioural, structural
what is an organism that can live in extreme conditions called
An extremophile
what does a producer do in a food chain
Make their own food from the sun
what does a primary consumer do in a food chain
Eat the producer
what does the secondary consumer do in the food chain
Eat the primary consumer
how does a foodchain work
The energy is passed on from each object after every consumption
What is the main limitation of a species’ population
the amount of food available
how would you compare the distribution of organisms in two areas
“Place a quadrat on the ground and count how many of the organisms there are in the quadrat. Do
this several time and then find a mean. Repeat this for a second area and then compare means”
which three thing affects the distributions of organisms
water availability, Temperature change, change in atmospheric gases
why do large numbers of giant wilderbeast migrate twice a year in africa
Patterns of rainfall and therefore water availability
using a single word for each stage, describe the water cycle in order
evaportation, condensation, precipitation, Transpiration
how are elements cycled back to the dstart of the food chain
through decay
describe the carbon cycle
“Co2 is removed from the atmosphere by plants. Animals then eat these plants and some carbon is
becomes part of the fats and lipids in their bodies. Microorganisms then consume the carbon from
the dead animals and then respire to return carbon to the atmosphere. Cycle then repeats”
what four factors effect the rate of decay
Temperature, oxygen availability, water availability, number of microorganisms
what are the first three stage when measuring rate of decay
lipase solution in one test tube. Milk, phenolphalin and sodium carbonate in the other. place in a water bath
when measuring rate of decay, what are the quantities of most substances
5cm^3
what are the final three stages in measuring rate of decay
Wait until substances are 30C. add lipase to milk test tube. Time how long it takes for colour to change
Equation for rate of decay
1000/time
what is an abiotic factor
a Non living factor of the environment, e.g temperature
what is a community
populations of different species living in a habitat
what four things do plants compete for in an environment
light, space, water, soil
what four things do animals compete for in an environment
space, food, water, mates
what system means a loss of one species in an ecosystem can have a huge impact
a food web
name four abiotic factors
light intensity, co2 levels, temperature, soil PH
name four biotic factors
New predators, competition, New pathogens, Availability of food
Define a structural adaptation
An adaptation that changes the body structure of the animal, such as White Fur in the polar regions
define a behavioural adaptation
When an animal changes it’s behaviour over time, e.g increased migration
Define a functional adaptation
When an animal changes it’s behaviour over time, e.g increased migration
