B2 organisation

Question 1

describe the organisational hierarchy in order

Answer 1

cell to tissue to organ to organ systems

Question 2

define a cell tissue and organ and organ system

Answer 2

each one works as a group of the last one

Question 3

how doe enzymes help with metabolism

Answer 3

enzymes break down large food molecules so the body can metabolise and turn food into energy

Question 4

what are the optimum conditions for an enzyme

Answer 4

high temperature

Question 5

what does bile do and where is it stored

Answer 5

it neutralises stomach acids

Question 6

give an enzyme and a product for each of the following digestive functions

carbs/starch
proteins
lipids

Answer 6

1-amylase- sugars
2-protease- amino acids
3-lipase- fatty acids

Question 7

whats thicker. an artery or a vein?

Answer 7

an artery

Question 8

with the exception of the pulmonary artery, what type of blood do arteries always carry

Answer 8

oxygenated blood

Question 9

name the four major blood vessels

Answer 9

aorta
vena cava
pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein

Question 10

how are lungs adapted for gaseous exchange

Answer 10

alveoli have a very large surface area and very thin walls

Question 11

describe the structure of the lungs

Answer 11

trachea
broncheus
broncheole
alveoli (where gas exchange takes place)

Question 12

what direction do arterys take blood

Answer 12

away from the heart

Question 13

how are red blood cells adapted to their function

Answer 13

large surface area to allow room for more oxygen

Question 14

how is chd caused

Answer 14

high cholestarol levels cause a large fatty deposit to be caused in the blood vessels, to the point where there is no longer room for blood cells to move through. the heart can thn no longer receive blood and begins to suffocate causing cardiac arrest

Question 15

what are the treatments for chd along with their positives and negatives

Answer 15

stents- a large wire mesh which is surgically placed in the vessel and expands the muscle walls. could have surgical complications but it allows blood to travel through
statins- a drug which lowers cholestarol levels. could have side affects though

Question 16

what are negative side affects of immune reactions

Answer 16

allergic reactions or asthma

Question 17

What is metabolism

Answer 17

The process of extracting energy from food and into the blood stream

Question 18

Name each organ in the digestive system and it’s function

Answer 18

Stomach- produces stomach acid to kill bacteria. Also starts breaking foods down with its wall
Pancreas- creates enzymes and bile
Gall bladder-stores bile
Large intestine- stores excess water

Question 19

two reasons the stomach produces hydrochloric acid

Answer 19

• kill off bacteria

- give the right ph for protease enzyme

Question 20

what is the purpose of the capillary

Answer 20

very small and to take blood to every cell.

Question 21

each organ and its function in the digestive system

Answer 21

pancreas- produces the three enzymes required for digestion
liver- creates bile
gall bladder- stores bile
small intestine- puts nutrients from food into the blood stream
large intenstine- stores the excess water
stomach- pummels food and produces hydrochloric acid

Question 22

what do veins have to keep blood flowing in the right direction

Answer 22

valves

Question 23

out of the atrium and the ventricle, what goes on the top and which one goes on the bottom

Answer 23

atrium at the top and ventricle at the bottom

Question 24

which vessels are on the right hand side and which vessels are on the left hand side

Answer 24

right- pulmonary vein and aorta

left- pulmonary artery and the vena cava

Question 25

what are statins and its disadvantages and advantages

Answer 25

drugs that lower cholestarol.

they are proactive rather than reactive but could provide adverse side affects

Question 26

how are red blood cells adapted to their function

Answer 26

large surface area and no nucleas to allow more room for oxygen and glucose

Question 27

how do you calculate the rate of reaction

Answer 27

1000/time

Question 28

how do you measure the effects of ph on enzymic activity

Answer 28

• iodine solution into spotting tiles
• beaker of water over bunsen burner
• amylase and buffer solution (PH5) into test tube which goes into beaker
• after 5 mins add starch
• every 30 seconds, add solution to spotting tiles meauring how long it takes to change colour

Question 29

what solution is used to test for:

• glucose
• starch
• proteins

Answer 29

• benedicts solution
• iodine solution
• biuret test