B2 organisation Flashcards
describe the organisational hierarchy in order
cell to tissue to organ to organ systems
define a cell tissue and organ and organ system
each one works as a group of the last one
how doe enzymes help with metabolism
enzymes break down large food molecules so the body can metabolise and turn food into energy
what are the optimum conditions for an enzyme
high temperature
what does bile do and where is it stored
it neutralises stomach acids
give an enzyme and a product for each of the following digestive functions
carbs/starch
proteins
lipids
1-amylase- sugars
2-protease- amino acids
3-lipase- fatty acids
whats thicker. an artery or a vein?
an artery
with the exception of the pulmonary artery, what type of blood do arteries always carry
oxygenated blood
name the four major blood vessels
aorta
vena cava
pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
how are lungs adapted for gaseous exchange
alveoli have a very large surface area and very thin walls
describe the structure of the lungs
trachea
broncheus
broncheole
alveoli (where gas exchange takes place)
what direction do arterys take blood
away from the heart
how are red blood cells adapted to their function
large surface area to allow room for more oxygen
how is chd caused
high cholestarol levels cause a large fatty deposit to be caused in the blood vessels, to the point where there is no longer room for blood cells to move through. the heart can thn no longer receive blood and begins to suffocate causing cardiac arrest
what are the treatments for chd along with their positives and negatives
stents- a large wire mesh which is surgically placed in the vessel and expands the muscle walls. could have surgical complications but it allows blood to travel through
statins- a drug which lowers cholestarol levels. could have side affects though
what are negative side affects of immune reactions
allergic reactions or asthma
What is metabolism
The process of extracting energy from food and into the blood stream
Name each organ in the digestive system and it’s function
Stomach- produces stomach acid to kill bacteria. Also starts breaking foods down with its wall
Pancreas- creates enzymes and bile
Gall bladder-stores bile
Large intestine- stores excess water
two reasons the stomach produces hydrochloric acid
- kill off bacteria
- give the right ph for protease enzyme
what is the purpose of the capillary
very small and to take blood to every cell.
each organ and its function in the digestive system
pancreas- produces the three enzymes required for digestion
liver- creates bile
gall bladder- stores bile
small intestine- puts nutrients from food into the blood stream
large intenstine- stores the excess water
stomach- pummels food and produces hydrochloric acid
what do veins have to keep blood flowing in the right direction
valves
out of the atrium and the ventricle, what goes on the top and which one goes on the bottom
atrium at the top and ventricle at the bottom
which vessels are on the right hand side and which vessels are on the left hand side
right- pulmonary vein and aorta
left- pulmonary artery and the vena cava
what are statins and its disadvantages and advantages
drugs that lower cholestarol.
they are proactive rather than reactive but could provide adverse side affects
how are red blood cells adapted to their function
large surface area and no nucleas to allow more room for oxygen and glucose
how do you calculate the rate of reaction
1000/time
how do you measure the effects of ph on enzymic activity
- iodine solution into spotting tiles
- beaker of water over bunsen burner
- amylase and buffer solution (PH5) into test tube which goes into beaker
- after 5 mins add starch
- every 30 seconds, add solution to spotting tiles meauring how long it takes to change colour
what solution is used to test for:
- glucose
- starch
- proteins
- benedicts solution
- iodine solution
- biuret test
