B7 - Blood, Tissue Fluid and the Skeletal System Flashcards
What three things in blood made up of?
White Blood Cells
Red Blood Cells
Platelets
Plasma
What is the job of Red Blood Cells?
To transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body
What are the properties of Red Blood Cells?
Have no nucleus
Have space for haemoglobin
Biconcave shape (large surface area to exchange oxygen)
What is haemoglobin?
A substance thaht binds with oxygen
What 4 things does Plasma carry?
Nutrients (e.g glucose)
Antibodies
Hormones
Waste (e.g CO2)
What is the job of White Blood Cells?
TO help your body fight infection against microorganisms
What is the job of Platelets?
To help the blood clot at wounds
What does the first part of the circulatory system do?
Pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs and then returns to the heart
What does the second part of the circulatory system do?
Pump oxygenated blood to the body and then back to the heart
What is the function of the right atrium?
It receives deoxygenated blood from the body through thhe vena cava
What is the function of the right ventricle?
It pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery
What is the function of the left atrium?
It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary vein
What is the function of the left ventricle?
It pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta
What is the function of valves in the heart?
They prevent backflow of blood
What is the function of the two coronary arteries?
They supply the heart muscle cells with blood
Which ventricle in the heart is thicker and why?
The left ventricle is thicker because it has to pump blood all the way around the body but the right ventricle only pumps it to the lungs
What is the main property of Capillaries?
They have permeable walls so substances can diffuse in and out
What happens as blood passes through capillary beds?
Small molecules (e.g water, glucose and oxygen) are forced out of the capillaries to form the tissue fluid surrounding the cells, which can then diffuse into the cells.
What happens to waste chemicals in cells?
They diffuse out of the cells into the tissue fluid and then diffuse into the capillaries
What is the job of Tissue Fluid?
To get substances the cells need in and to get substances they don’t need out
What are the 2 main jobs of the Skeleton?
To support the body and allow it to move
To protect the vital organs
What is the job of Ligaments?
To hold together bones at a joint
What is the job of Cartilage?
Reduces friction between bones at the edges, and cushions the bones from shock
How are joints lubricated and what does this do?
Membranes release oily synovial fluid
It reduces friction and aids movement
What is the job of Tendons?
To attach bones to muscles, and also to attach muscles to muscles
What are pairs of muscles called?
Antagonistic pairs
What are the two different types of joint?
Ball-and-socket joints
Hinge joints
