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science gcse > B7 > Flashcards

B7 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a non communicable disease

A

a disease that can’t be spread

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2
Q

what is a risk factor

A

something that can give you a higher chance of developing certain diseases

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3
Q

list some risk factors that are aspects of your lifestyle

A

smoking, drinking alcohol, overeating or lack of exercise

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4
Q

list some risk factors you can’t control

A

genes you inherit from your parents, ionising radiation, uv light from the sun

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5
Q

name a disease and a lifestyle factor that there is often a correlation with them

A

smoking and lung cancer

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6
Q

what is causal mechanism

A

where a lifestyle factor influences another through biological processes

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7
Q

how can a tumour form

A

when control of the cell cycle is lost and cells grow in an uncontrolled abnormal way

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8
Q

are benign tumours cancerous

A

no

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9
Q

are malignant tumours cancerous

A

yes

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10
Q

can a benign tumour invade other parts of the body

A

no

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11
Q

how can a benign tumour be life threatening

A

they can put pressure on vital organs as they can grow very large very quickly

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12
Q

can a malignant tumours invade other parts of the body

A

yes

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13
Q

how do malignant tumours spread around the body

A

the tumour splits up, releasing clumps of cells in the blood stream, they circulate and may lodge into another organ, and form a secondary tumour

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14
Q

what is the difference between cancerous cells and normal cells

A

cancerous cells spread more quickly and live for longer

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15
Q

what is often the cause of breast and ovarian cancer

A

genetic risk factors

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16
Q

what causes most cancers

A

mutations and ionising radiation

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17
Q

what chemicals can cause mutations

A

asbestos and tar

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18
Q

what is a carcinogen

A

a chemical that causes cancer

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19
Q

what are examples of ionising radiation

A

x rays and UV light from the sun

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20
Q

what causes 15% of UK cancers

A

viral infections

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21
Q

what is radiotherapy

A

cancer cells are destroyed by targeted doses of radiation, this stops mitosis in cancer cells but can also damage healthy cells

22
Q

what is chemotherapy

A

where chemicals are used to either stop the cancer cells from dividing or making them self destruct

23
Q

what are some lifestyle risk factors for getting cancer

A

smoking, obesity and UV exposure

24
Q

what is nicotine

A

an addictive drug

25
Q

what is carbon monoxide

A

a poisonous gas found in cigarettes that takes up oxygen carrying capacity in your lungs

26
Q

after a cigarette how much of your blood is carrying carbon monoxide rather than oxygen

A

10%

27
Q

what can smoking during pregnancy cause

A

premature babies, stillbirths and low birth weight babies

28
Q

what can happen to a fetus when a woman smokes while pregnant

A

it may not grow properly as the woman provides oxygen for the baby, and when she smokes she has higher levels of carbon monoxide, meaning the baby may not get enough oxygen

29
Q

what do carcinogens do to the cilia in the trachea

A

they make them stop working

30
Q

what happens when the cilia stop working

A

they allow dirt and pathogens into the lungs, increasing the risk of infections

31
Q

what is bronchitis

A

infection and inflammation of the bronchi

32
Q

what causes bronchitis

A

tar

33
Q

what can build up of tar in the lungs cause

A

breakdown of the structure of alveoli

34
Q

what is COPD and what does it do

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can reduce the volume to surface area ratio of the lungs, leading to severe breathlessness and eventually death

35
Q

what other diseases can tar cause

A

lung cancer and throat cancer

36
Q

what is cardiovascular disease

A

disease in the blood vessels or heart

37
Q

what does nicotine do to the heart

A

it increases the heart rate

38
Q

what diseases do the chemicals in smoking make more likely

A

coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease

39
Q

can smoking cause blood clots to form

A

yes

40
Q

what can blood clots cause

A

heart attacks and strokes

41
Q

what health problems can obesity lead to

A

type 2 diabetes, high blood and heart disease

42
Q

can exersice levels affect your chance of getting cardiovascular disease

A

yes, the more you exercise the less likely you are to develop cardiovascular disease

43
Q

what are some causal mechanisms to do with exercise

A

you have more muscle tissue, meaning you are less likely to be overweight, reducing the risk of arthritis, high blood pressure and diabetes

44
Q

what does having low blood cholesterol levels cause

A

it reduces your risk of fatty deposits building up in your coronary arteries, lowering your risk of heart disease

45
Q

what is type 2 diabetes

A

where your body doesnt make enough insulin to control blood sugar levels

46
Q

what are risk factors for type 2 diabetes

A

not exercising, being overweight or obese

47
Q

is type 2 diabetes reversable

A

yes if people exersice and eat a balanced diet

48
Q

how does alcohol affect the body

A

it can affect reaction time, thought processes and reflexes it can sometimes lead to lack of self control and lack
of judgement

49
Q

what happens when someone becomes addicted to alcohol

A

their brain and liver suffer long term damage

50
Q

is alcohol a carcinogen

A

yes it an cause liver cancer

science gcse (44 decks)

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