B7

Question 1

Ionising radiation

Answer 1

Ionizing radiation is radiation that carries enough energy to liberate electrons from atoms or molecules, thereby ionizing them

Question 2

Correlation

Answer 2

a mutual relationship or connection between two or more things.

Question 3

Causal mechanism

Answer 3

The processes or pathways through which an outcome is brought into being. We explain an outcome by offering a hypothesis about the cause(s) that typically bring it about.

Question 4

Risk factor

Answer 4

risk factor is any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. Some examples of the more important risk factors are underweight, unsafe sex, high blood pressure, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene

Question 5

Carciongen

Answer 5

substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue.

Question 6

Non communicable

Answer 6

non-communicable disease (NCD) is a medical condition or disease that is not caused by infectious agents (non-infectious or non-transmissible). NCDs can refer to chronic diseases which last for long periods of time and progress slowly.

Question 7

Tumour

Answer 7

a swelling of a part of the body, generally without inflammation, caused by an abnormal growth of tissue, whether benign or malignant.

Question 8

Benign tumours

Answer 8

benign tumor is not a malignant tumor, which is cancer. It does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body the way cancer can. In most cases, the outlook with benign tumors is very good. But benign tumors can be serious if they press on vital structures such as blood vessels or nerves.

Question 9

Malignant tumours

Answer 9

all have benign tumours, such as moles and warts. However, in other tumours the cells are able to invade the surrounding tissue and spread into nearby organs where they can cause serious and, eventually, fatal damage. These are called malignant tumours.

Question 10

Cancer

Answer 10

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread to other parts of the body.

Question 11

Oxygen shortage

Answer 11

Hypoxia differs from hypoxemia and anoxemia in that hypoxia refers to a state in which oxygen supply is insufficient, whereas hypoxemia and anoxemia refer specifically to states that have low or zero arterial oxygen supply. Hypoxia in which there is complete deprivation of oxygen supply is referred to as anoxia.

Question 12

Heart

Answer 12

a hollow muscular organ that pumps the blood through the circulatory system by rhythmic contraction and dilation. In vertebrates there may be up to four chambers (as in humans), with two atria and two ventricles.

Question 13

Fat

Answer 13

a natural oily substance occurring in animal bodies, especially when deposited as a layer under the skin or around certain organs.

Question 14

Diabetes

Answer 14

Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications.

Question 15

Liver

Answer 15

The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion. In humans, it is located in the right upper quadrant