B1 Flashcards
Resolving power
the ability of an optical instrument or type of film to separate or distinguish small or closely adjacent images.
Nucleus
The nucleus is the brain of the cell and is the part that makes all the decisions
Cytoplasm
the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
Cell membrane
The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings
Mitochondria
The mitochondria is a double membrane-bound organelle found in all eukaryotic organisms
Ribosomes
The ribosome is a complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis.
Algae
Algae is an informal term for a large, diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that are not necessarily closely related, and is thus polyphyletic.
Cell wall
rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants it consists mainly of cellulose.
Cellulose
Cellulose strengths the cell and gives it support
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are organelles, specialized compartments, in plant and algal cells.
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants.
Permanent vacuole
Animal cells and plant cells have features in common, such as a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes
Eukaryotic
A eukaryote is any organism whose cells have a cell nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes
Bacteria
Bacteria constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms
Prokaryotic
prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle
Sperm cell
Sperm is the male reproductive cell
Xylem
The xylem transports water and soluble mineral nutrients from the roots throughout the plant.
Phloem
In vascular plants, phloem is the living tissue that transports the soluble organic compounds made during photosynthesis, in particular the sugar sucrose, to parts of the plant where needed
Diffusion
Diffusion is one of the processes that allows this to happen. Diffusion occurs when particles spread. They move from a region where they are in high concentration to a region where they are in low concentration
Partly permeable membrane
smaller molecules like water and glucose pass through its microscopic holes.
larger molecules like starch and sucrose cannot pass through it.
Isotonic
of muscle action taking place with normal contraction
Hypertonic
Water moves readily across cell membranes through special protein-lined channels, and if the total concentration of all dissolved solutes is not equal on both sides, there will be net movement of water molecules into or out of the cell.
Osmosis
Osmosis. Water can move across cell membranes because of osmosis. For osmosis to happen you need: two solutions with different concentrations; a partially permeable membrane to separate them
Turgor
the state of turgidity and resulting rigidity of cells or tissues, typically due to the absorption of fluid.
Plasmolysis
contraction of the protoplast of a plant cell as a result of loss of water from the cell.
Active transport
The movement of particles (molecules or ions) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Ventilate
cause air to enter and circulate freely in a room, building
Alveoli
Alveoli are tiny sacs within our lungs that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to move between the lungs and bloodstream
Stomata
is a tiny opening or pore that is used for gas exchange.
