B7

Question 1

Habitat?

Answer 1

the environment in which an organism lives e.g. elephants live in grasslands

Question 2

Population?

Answer 2

Total number of organisms of the same species living in the same geographical area

Question 3

Community?

Answer 3

The populations of all the different species that live in the same habitat

Question 4

Biotic?

Answer 4

living

Question 5

Ecosystem?

Answer 5

both the biotic and the abiotic parts of an environment and how they interact

Question 6

Why do living organisms have to compete with each other?

Answer 6

because there is only a short supply of resources such as food and water

Question 7

4 things that plants compete for?

Answer 7

light
space
water
mineral ions from the soil

Question 8

What 2 things do animals compete for?

Answer 8

Food
Water

Question 9

Why do animals compete for food and water?

Answer 9

for mating partners and territory

Question 10

Interdependence?

Answer 10

All of the different species in a community depend on each other
e.g. lions eat animals such as zebras and gazelles
e.g. zebras and gazelles eat grass and shrubs

Question 11

Why do animals depend on trees?

Answer 11

they provide shelter from the sun

Question 12

how do plants depend on animals?

Answer 12

Many plants depend on bees to spread their pollen

Question 13

How could losing one part of an of an ecosystem affect other animals?

Answer 13

for example, if all plants died, then there would be no food for zebras and gazelles leading to the population falling

Question 14

Stable community?

Answer 14

In most communities, the populations of the different species remain fairly constant

Question 15

abiotic?

Answer 15

non-living parts on an ecosystem e.g. water, light intensity, temperature

Question 16

what are the four different biotic factors?

Answer 16

availability of food e.g. lions eat zebras

Arrival of a new predator species - can cause the population of a prey species to fall

competition - if a species is outcompeted then its population can fall so much that they could go extinct

New pathogens - if an infectious disease spreads it can wipe out a population of species

Question 17

What are the first 2 abiotic factors?

Answer 17

Light intensity - all plants need life to carry out photosynthesis

Temperature - Animals could migrate away from the hot area and plants could disappear, water evaporation

Question 18

Next two abiotic factors?

Answer 18

Wind intensity and direction - strong winds blowing inland from the sea can cause plants to lose water

carbon dioxide and oxygen - carbon dioxide is needed for photosynthesis and if these levels fall, then the rate of photosynthesis decreases, oxygen is needed for aerobic respiration

Question 19

4 structural adaptations of camels to the hot and dry conditions of a desert?

Answer 19

humps - store fat in one place, which allows heat loss from other parts of the body and reduces water loss from sweating

Thick coat on the upper surface - insulates the top of the camel from the heat of the sun

Leathery mouth - able to chew plants which have thorns

Long eyelashes - keep dust out of the eyes

Question 20

2 functional adaptations of camels to the hot and dry desert?

Answer 20

They produce concentrated urine and dry faeces to reduce water loss

can tolerate very large changes in body temperature

Question 21

behavioural adaptation of a kangaroo rat?

Answer 21

nocturnal, this avoids the heat of the desert, and during the day they live in burrows underground to keep them cool and away from predators

Question 22

Structural adaptations of an arctic fox?

Answer 22

Thick fur and fur on soles of the feet
providing insulation

Small ears - reduces the surface area of the fox, reducing heat loss

Camouflage- helps to hunt its prey

Question 23

3 adaptations of a cactus in the desert?

Answer 23

small or no leaves to reduce water loss

Spines - protects the cactus from animals

extensive roots - allows them to catch as much water as possible after rainfall, then store it

Question 24

extremophiles?

Answer 24

organisms adapted to live in very extreme conditions e.g. bacteria living in a deep sea vent where there is very high temperatures and pressures

Question 25

What does every food chain start with?

Answer 25

A producer e.g. grass, leaves

Question 26

Why are producers so important?

Answer 26

They are the sort of all the biomass in a community (organic material made from plants and animals)

Question 27

What are the organisms called that eat the producers?

Answer 27

primary consumers

Question 28

what is the organism called that eats the primary consumer?

Answer 28

secondary consumer

Question 29

What is the organism called that eats a secondary consumer?

Answer 29

tertiary consumer

Question 30

What is the consumer called that kills and eat other animals?

Answer 30

Predators e.g. fox

Question 31

why does the number of prey rise and fall in cycles?

Answer 31

for example rabbits and foxes if the number of prey increases due to warmer weather and more grass, this means there’s more prey for the predators to eat, therefore it falls again

Question 32

Why does the number of predator rise and fall in cycles?

Answer 32

For example rabbits and foxes at the point when there’s a lot of rabbits, there will be more predators because there’s more food to eat therefore they can survive. However when they’ve eaten a lot of the rabbits and the number of rabbits falls, the population of foxes will also fall due to the lack of food.

Question 33

why can the population of rabbits increase again?

Answer 33

Because at the point when there is less foxes, they are less like to get eaten, therefore more can survive

Question 34

What is a quadrat used for sampling and how do we use it?

Answer 34

a square with mini squares inside. place it on the ground and then count the number of organisms inside the quadrat.

Question 35

How to get more valid results when using quadrants for random sampling?

Answer 35

Repeat the process multiple times

Question 36

Total population size=?

Answer 36

total area/area sampled X number of organisms counted in sample

Question 37

Transect and how do we use it?

Answer 37

to investigate whether the number of species change as me move across a habitat. it’s simply a line such as a tape, measure or piece of rope. then use a quadrat to count the number of organisms at intervals on the transect to see how to number of organisms change

Question 38

How does the carbon cycle start?

Answer 38

With carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Question 39

what is the only way that carbon can into the carbon cycle?

Answer 39

By photosynthesis

Question 40

What does carbon dioxide do in photosynthesis?

Answer 40

Combines with water to make the sugar glucose

Question 41

The carbon cycle?

Answer 41

Carbon dioxide starts in the atmosphere. plants and algae take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in photosynthesis. then when plants and algae respire, some of the carbon is released back into the atmosphere. because animals eat plants, the carbon in the plants can be taken into the animals which becomes part of the carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the cells of animals. finally, when animals respire, some of the carbon is released back into the atmosphere. carbon is also released through animals and plants waste products.

Question 42

What is the water like in precipitation?

Answer 42

Always fresh

Question 43

Biodiversity?

Answer 43

the variety of all the different species of organisms on earth e.g. biodiversity in the amazon rainforest

Question 44

what does it mean if an ecosystem has a high-level of biodiversity?

Answer 44

that there are lots of different different species and this makes an ecosystem more stable.

Question 45

why are large areas of forest being destroyed to provide land?

Answer 45

for ricefields or for grazing cattle

Question 46

how does water pollution happen in the UK?

Answer 46

Untreated, sewage, water and fertilisers from farmers. these cause the oxygen levels to fall and kill the aquatic organisms. Also toxic chemicals from factories are released into rivers

Question 47

Peat (bogs and lands)?

Answer 47

contain large amounts of dead plant materials, which tells us that decay is very slow in that area

Question 48

One problem with peat?

Answer 48

Once it has been extracted and used for compost, it begins to decay which releases large amounts of carbon dioxide.

Question 49

Why do farmers still use peat?

Answer 49

because it is cheap

Question 50

Peer review?

Answer 50

evaluation of scientific or professional work by others working in the same field.

Question 51

Why is peer review good/important?

Answer 51

makes sure information is valid and true

Question 52

What could happen with insects in the UK if global warming keeps happening?

Answer 52

more insects could spread to the UK like mosquitos and spread diseases like malaria as they can now live in the warmer climate of the UK

Question 53

What is a positive of global warming for crops?

Answer 53

As the temperature increases, we may be able to grow crops such as grapes in parts of the UK where we cannot today

Question 54

Field margins?

Answer 54

Farmers leave a strip of land around their growing fields where wild plants and animals can live to help preserve biodiversity