B6.1 - Diet

Question 1

define a balanced diet

Answer 1

balanced diet is defined as one that gives your body the nutrients it needs to function correctly and for health to be maintained

Question 2

what are the different food groups which contribute to a balanced diet?

Answer 2

carbohydrates
fats
protein
vitamin C
vitamin D
calcium 
iron
fibre 
water

Question 3

Carbohydrates: what are the sources and what is the importance?

Answer 3

source: potatoes, bread and rice + more
importance: cheapest source of energy

Question 4

Fats : what are the sources and what is the importance?

Answer 4

source: milk, cheese and butter + more
importance: source of energy

Question 5

Protein: what are the sources and what is the importance?

Answer 5

source: eggs, lean meat and fish + more
importance: growth, tissue repair

Question 6

Vitamin C : what are the sources and what is the importance?

Answer 6

source: oranges, lemons + more
importance: needed to make healthy skin and gums

Question 7

Vitamin D : what are the sources and what is the importance?

Answer 7

source: liver, fish liver, butter + more
importance: needed to maintain hard bones, helps absorption of calcium in the small intestine

Question 8

Calcium : what are the sources and what is the importance?

Answer 8

source: milk, cheese + more
importance: makes bone and teeth hard

Question 9

Iron : what are the sources and what is the importance?

Answer 9

source: red meat and nuts + more
importance: needed for production of haemoglobin in red blood cells

Question 10

Fibre : what are the sources and what is the importance?

Answer 10

source: vegetables, fruit and wholemeal bread + more
importance: it adds bulk to food passing through intestines, helps maintain peristalsis

Question 11

Water : what are the sources and what is the importance?

Answer 11

source: drinks, fruit and vegetables + more
importance: forms blood and cytoplasm, helps to transport nutrients, removes waste from urine, cooling of body by sweating.

Question 12

what is the variation of diet for different genders?

Answer 12

• Females have lower energy requirements than males

- Females have a lower body mass so there is a lower demand of energy intake

Question 13

what is the variation of diet for a growing child?

Answer 13

• There is higher energy demand in a growing child because of the energy demands of the growth process
• There is a need for extra calcium for growing bones
• More iron for their red blood cells
• More vitamin d for bones

Question 14

what is the variation of diet for a pregnant woman?

Answer 14

• Demand for energy increases as a woman is providing for another human
• There is a need to increase protein, calcium, iron and vitamin D to meet the needs of the baby.
• The baby needs to make tissues
  calcium and vitamin D are needed for bone development
• Iron is used for haemoglobin in the blood. (transport in oxygen around the body)

Question 15

what is the variation of diet for a breast feeding woman?

Answer 15

-increase intake of proteins, vitamins and calcium to produce milk of adequate quality and quantity.

Question 16

what are different types malnutrition?

Answer 16

starvation, coronary heart disease (CHD), scurvy, obesity, constipation, iron deficiency, vitamin D deficiency, kwashiorkor and marasmus

Question 17

what are the effects of STARVATION?

Answer 17

• If the total intake of food is not sufficient to meet the body’s need for energy, the body’s tissues are broken down to provide energy to stay alive
• This leads to loss of weight, muscle wastage and weaknesses

Question 18

what are the effects of CHD?

Answer 18

• It occurs when the diet contains too much fat
• Fatty substance builds up in the arteries reducing the diameter of blood vessels
• This forms blood clots

Question 19

what are the effects of SCURVY?

Answer 19

• Caused by lack of vitamin C

- Symptoms of scurvy include bleeding under the skin and swollen, bleeding gums and poor healing of wounds

Question 20

what are the effects of OBESITY?

Answer 20

• If you take in more food than your body needs for energy, growth and replacement, the excess is converted into fat deposits under the skin or in the abdomen.
• Obese people are more likely to suffer high blood pressure, coronary heart disease and diabetes

Question 21

what are the effects of CONSTIPATION?

Answer 21

• Happens when there isn’t enough fibre in the body to move food through the gut efficiently.
• Constipation is when faeces cannot pass through the anus and is in stool
• This may lead to bowel cancer

Question 22

what are the effects of IRON DEFICIENCY?

Answer 22

• Iron deficiency is when there is a decrease in the number of red blood cells
• Without sufficient iron, our body is unable to produce enough haemoglobin, which is the protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen.
• Symptoms are feeling weak, tired and irritable.

Question 23

what are the effects of VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY?

Answer 23

• A lack of vitamin D results in poor calcium and phosphorus deposition in bones
• This leads to bone softening
• The weight of our body could deform bones in the legs causing rickets in children.

Question 24

what are the effects of KWASHIORKOR?

Answer 24

• This is a protein deficiency

- Symptoms are dry skin, pot-belly, change in hair colour, weakness and irritability.

Question 25

what are the effects of MARASMUS?

Answer 25

• Happens when there is an inadequate carbohydrate intake as well as lack of protein.
• People that suffer are extremely emaciated with reduced fat and muscle tissue
• Their skin is thin and hangs in fold.