B3 - Biological molecules Flashcards
what are the types of biological molecules?
carbohydrates, water, fats and protein
what are carbohydrates made of? (elements)
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
what’s an example of a carbohydrate?
glucose
what is a large molecule of a carbohydrates?
glucose
what smaller molecules make glucose?
starch and glycogen
what forms a food/energy storage in animal cells?
glycogen
what is the chemical formula of glucose?
C6H12O6
what elements make fats?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
what is fats a solid form of?
lipids
what is an example of fats?
fats and oils
what smaller molecules make fats and oils?
two molecules of fatty acid and one molecule of glycerol
what elements make protein?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen (may contain sulfur)
what smaller molecules make protein?
amino acids
what is an important solvent?
water
what do most cells contain?
75% of water and will die if the water percentage falls lower than this.
what are the types of solutions in food tests?
iodine solution, Benedict solution, biuret test and ethanol emulsion.
what do the food tests test for? (general)
starch, reducing sugars, protein and fats and oil
do any of the tests require heat?
yes, the reducing sugar test (benedicts solution test)
what solution tests for STARCH and what colour does it turn if starch is present?
iodine solution
orange —> dark blue (if positive)
what solution tests for REDUCING SUGARS and what colour does it turn if reducing sugars is present?
benedict solution
blue —-> red (if positive)
what solution tests for PROTEIN and what colour does it turn if protein is present?
biuret test
blue —-> purple
what solution tests for FATS AND OILS and what colour does it turn if fats and oils are present?
ethanol emulsion
colourless/ transparent —-> milky white
