B6.052 - CBCL Osteoporosis Prework 4

Question 1

osteopenia

Answer 1

decreased bone mineral density

BMD 1-2.5 SD below peak (T score -1–2.5)

Question 2

osteoporosis

Answer 2

osteopenia severe enough to significantly increase risk of fracture
BMD

Question 3

how does osteoporosis lead to fracture

Answer 3

thinning of cortex
reduced trabecular bone mass
loss of trabecular connectivity

Question 4

peak bone mass

Answer 4

early adulthood after cessation of skeletal growth

beginning in 40s resorption>formation

Question 5

lifetime risk of osteoporosis fracture after 50

Answer 5

1/2 women

1/5 men

Question 6

short phase bone loss

Answer 6

3-5 y post menopause rapid loss of mainly trabecular bone in women

Question 7

longer phase of osteoporosis

Answer 7

10-20 y

slower loss both cortical and trabecular compartments men and women

Question 8

reasons for sex differences in bone loss

Answer 8

role of sex hormones in bone remodeling and differences in bone architecture

Question 9

factors associated with increased risk of osteoporosis

Answer 9

age
maternal hx of fracture
race (higher in hispanic)
current cortisone use
current/former smoker

Question 10

factors associated with decreased risk of osteoporosis

Answer 10

elevated BMI
regular exercise
race (african americans)
alcohol use
current/former estrogen use

Question 11

primary osteoporosis

Answer 11

women with natural menopause and older men

Question 12

secondary osteoporosis

Answer 12

endocrine disorders
autoimmune disorders
digestive and GI disorders
blood disorders
neuro, cx, CT disorders
drug induced disorders

Question 13

describe glucocorticoid induced bone loss

Answer 13

most common cause of secondary
pharma doses of steroids used for inflammatory or autoimmune disorders
longer duration + higher doses most likely cause
cushingoid appearance key clue

Question 14

fat redistribution phenotypes almost always have

Answer 14

low bone mass and fractures