B6.052 - CBCL Osteoporosis Prework 1 Bone Basics

Question 1

what makes up the axial and appendicular skeleton

Answer 1

axial - skull, ribs, spine

appendicular - long bones, pelvis, scapula

Question 2

describe the role of lime salts in bone

Answer 2

deposition of lime salts, in the form of hydroxyapatite crystals, prevents diffusion of metabolites and interstitial growth both of which occur in cartilage

Question 3

what is the canalicular system

Answer 3

tiny canals extending from one lacuna to another

Question 4

what are gap junctions

Answer 4

communication between osteocytes responsible for the maintenance of bone

Question 5

vascularity of bone

Answer 5

bone cells must be in close proximity to capillaries

Question 6

4 types of bone cells

Answer 6

osteoprogenitor cells
osteoblasts
osteoclasts
osteocytes

Question 7

elongation of bone

Answer 7

developed by proliferation of cartilage

Question 8

is bone dead?

Answer 8

fuck nooo ignorant slut

constantly remodeling, highly vascularized and blood vessels are accompanied by SYM and pain fibers

Question 9

compact bone

Answer 9

cortical bone

dense areas without cavities

Question 10

cancellous bone

Answer 10

3 dimensional lattice of branching bony spicules, forming trabeculae around marrow space

Question 11

epiphysis

Answer 11

end of long bone - like the head of femur

Question 12

metaphysis

Answer 12

active area of growth especially in kiddos

Question 13

dyaphysis

Answer 13

shaft of long bones

Question 14

periosteum

Answer 14

dense CT with osteogenic potential surrounding bone
osteoprogenitor cells comprise this bone lining
absent at articulating surfaces and attachment of tendons and ligaments

Question 15

endosteum

Answer 15

lining the marrow cavity and also has osteogenic potential

Question 16

PBM

Answer 16

achieved in early childhood after cessation of skeletal growth

Question 17

PBM determining factors

Answer 17

genetic fx - Vit D, LRP5/6, RANK, OPG, RANKL
Nutrition
Physical activity
Age
Hormones
Oveall health

Question 18

what factors lead to osteoporosis

Answer 18

Menopause decreasing serum estrogen, increasing IL-1, 6, TNF
Increase RANK and RANKL
increased osteoclast activity
Aging - decreased replicative activity of osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, biologic activity of matrix bound growth factors
reduced physical activity