B6 (the rest of B6) non communicable disease Flashcards
Name 2 non communicable disease smoking causes?
Lung cancer, bronchitis
How is alcohol causing non communicable disease?
Contains ethanol which affects nervous system, its a depressant so it slows down the body’s reactions
Alcohol is a depressant, what does this mean?
it slows down the body’s reactions.
Nicotine is a stimulant, what does this mean?
it increases heart rate and blood pressure.
Name a non communicable diseases caused by alcohol
cirrhosis
What is cirrhosis?
a condition in which your liver is scarred and permanently damaged.
What does CVD mean?
General term that describes a disease of the heart or blood vessels
How does CVD work?
Blood flow to the heart, brain or body can be reduced by a build up of fatty deposits inside an artery
What can CVD cause?
Atherosclerosis
What is atherosclerosis?
Fatty deposits building up inside the walls of the arteries. This leads to the narrowing and hardening of arteries
What is thrombosis?
A blood clot which could cause CVD to occur
If thrombosis occurs in an artery supplying the heart muscle what happens?
Causes a heart attack
If thrombosis occurs in an artery supplying the brain what happens?
A stroke
What factors increase your risk of CVD?
Poor diet - too much saturated fat or too much salt
Little exercise
Smoking
High blood pressure - damages blood vessels
Why can smoking cause CVD?
carbon monoxide causes an increase in blood pressure. Blood pressure damages blood vessels
How does your diet (salt) increase risk of CVD?
Too much salt results in more water being absorbed back into blood. This extra water causes high blood pressure
How does diet (animal products) increase risk of CVD?
Animal products such as butter, red meat contain high levels of saturated fat. A diet high in saturated fats causes cholesterol to be deposited in the artery walls. This narrows vessels increasing blood pressure
Why is exercise good for your health?
Joints are healthier
Stronger heart muscle
Reduces blood cholesterol levels
Body mass is likely to be lower - less strain put on joints
What drugs can treat CVD? 4
Statins
Antiplatelets
Beta blockers
Nitrates
What is the function of statins?
Reduce blood cholesterol
What is the function of platelets?
Reduce heart attack risk by reducing stickiness of blood platelets, causing less clotting
What is the function of beta blockers?
Reduce high blood pressure by blocking effects of adrenaline, slows heartbeat
What is the function of nitrates?
Widen blood vessels by relaxing blood vessel walls. Allow more blood to flow through
How can cardiovascular disease be treated surgically? 3 ways
Replacing valves that have been damaged by infection or age
Widen arteries using strent ( a mesh tube )
Bypassing blocked arteries using blood vessels taken from other areas
Name an organ in the human body that suffers damage when alcohol is misused
Liver
