B6 Preventing diseases

Question 1

Antibiotics

Answer 1

-medicine that can kill or slow the growth of bacteria in the body
-greatly reduced deaths but antibiotics resistant strains of bacteria are emerging
-Specific antibiotics effective against a few strains of bacteria

Question 2

Vaccination

Answer 2

-injecting the body with small forms of dead/inactive pathogen
-this stimulates lymphocytes to produce antibodies
-if the same pathogen enters the body, the correct antibodies can quickly be produce

Question 3

Painkillers

Answer 3

-relieve symptoms but do not kill the pathogens
I.E dulls pain, stops inflammation…

Question 4

viral diseases GK

Answer 4

-cannot be cured by antibiotics due to reproducing inside host cells.
-any treatment to kill viruses often will damage body tissues
-antiviral only slows down viruses

Question 5

Stages of clinical trials

Answer 5

pre-clinical trials
clinical trials
peer review
double-blind trials

Question 6

pre-clinical trials

Answer 6

Drugs tested in cells, tissues and rodents

Question 7

clinical trials

Answer 7

Small number of healthy volunteers receive very low doses => large number of healthy with larger dose

Question 8

peer review

Answer 8

Results of clinical trials tested and checked by independent researchers

Question 9

Double blind

Answer 9

neither doctor nor patient know if the medicine is a placebo or the real drug to avoid bias

Question 10

Herd immunity

Answer 10

If a majority of the population is vaccinated to a disease, it will struggle to spread to the unvaccinated individuals.

Question 11

What is tested for in clinical trials

Answer 11

Toxicity - is it harmful
Efficacy - is it effective
dose - what is a safe and effective amount to give