B6. Preventing and treating diseases Flashcards
What are antibiotics?
Antibiotics are chemicals that damage bacteria and eventually kill them. Each types of antibiotic interferes with the bacteria’s life processes, e.g. making a cell wall.
What are antibiotics?
Antibiotics are chemicals that damage bacteria and eventually kill them. Each types of antibiotic interferes with the bacteria’s life processes, e.g. making a cell wall.
Can antibiotics kill viruses?
No. They do not kill viruses, protozoa or fungi.
Name 3 common antibiotics.
Penicillin, Vancomycin, Erythromycin
What is meant by antibiotic efficacy?
Antibiotic efficacy is how effective an antibiotic is at killing a certain type of bacteria.
Explain the stages how bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics.
- Antibiotics kill individual bacterial pathogens of the non-resistant strain. 2. Resistant/mutated pathogens survive and reproduce. 3. The population of the resistant strain of pathogens increases because they are not affected/killed by the antibiotic. 4. The resistant strain will then spread because people are not immune to it and there is no effective treatment.
How should antibiotics be prescribed and taken?
- Only by a doctor after a consultation - Should not be prescribed for mild infections. - Should not be prescribed for viral infections. - Make sure the patient finishes the full course
Which type of blood cells fight disease?
White blood cells
Name the type of white blood cell that engulfs pathogens
Phagocyte
Name the type of white blood cell that produces antibodies
Lymphocyte
Why do antibiotics not kill virsues?
Antibiotics work by disrupting the bacterial cell structures e.g. cell wall. Viruses replicate INSIDE cells so antibiotics can not kill them.
When you get a vaccination what does the doctor actually inject you with?
A weakened/dead form of the pathogen that still retains the antigens (receptors).
What is an antigen?
All cells (including human body cells) have receptors on their surface. These are called antigens.
Define herd immunity.
Herd immunity involves vaccinating a large proportion of the population against a certain pathogen (e.g. flu vaccine). This is to reduce the number of people getting the disease and therefore it reduces the spread of the disease.
Where did the heart drug digitalis originate from?
It originated from the plant - foxgloves.