B3. Food Nutrients and Enzymes Flashcards
What is the name of the chemicals found in food?
Nutrients
What are the 3 types of carbohydrate?
Sugar, starch and fibre
What is the function of sugar (carbohydrate)?
Gives us energy
What is the function of starch (carbohydrate)?
Gives us energy
What is the function of fibre (carbohydrate)?
Prevents constipation
What are carbohydrates made up of?
Long chains of simple sugars like glucose
What enzyme digests carbohydrates?
Carbohydrase enzyme
What is the function of protein in the diet?
Protein is for growth and repair of body tissues
What are proteins made up of?
Long chains of amino acids
Where is protein digested?
Small intestine and stomach
What is the name of the enyzme that digests proteins?
Protease
Name 2 food that contain protein.
Eggs, milk, chicken, beans etc
What is the function of fats in the diet?
To give us energy and provide insulation
What are fats made up of?
1 molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Where are fats digested?
In the small intestine
What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down fats?
Lipase
What is another name for fats?
Lipids
Name 2 types of foods that contains fats.
Cream, butter, oils etc
What is the chemical test for starch?
Add iodine (brick-red) solution. If the solution turns blue-black, starch is present.
What is the chemical test for sugar?
Add benedicts (blue) solution. Heat gently for 10 minutes. If the solution turns orange, sugar is present.
What is the chemical test for fats?
Add ethanol slowly down the side of the tube. A white percipitate indicates fats are present.
What is the chemical test for proteins?
Add biuret (blue) solution. If the solution turns violet, protein is present.
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of reactions in the body.
Where are enzymes made?
Pancreas
What is the name of the specific shape of the enzyme that binds the substrate molecule?
Active site
What is the name of the molecule the enzyme breaks down?
Substrate molecule.
When the enzyme and substrate molecule combine, what is formed?
An enzyme-substrate complex.
What is formed after an enzyme substrate complex forms?
Products
What is the optimum temperature for enzymes in the body?
37-40 degrees celsius.
What part of the digestive system is the last place where enzymes digest food?
Small intestine
How do higher temperatures affect enzyme action?
Higher temperature mean the enzyme and substrate molecules have more kinetic energy. This means they will collide more frequently and release more products (up to 40 degrees).
When an enzyme changes shape due to changes in temperature and pH, it can no longer fit the substrate molecule. The enzyme is said to be _____________.
Denatured
Amylase is an carbohydrase. What is the substrate of amylase?
Starch
What is the function of bile?
Bile is a green liquid produced by the liver. Bile neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats. This gives a larger surface area for lipase enzyme to act on.
What is the formula to calculate the rate of enzyme action.
1/time taken
