B4. Plant transport Flashcards

1
Q

What is transpiration?

A

Transpiration is the loss of water vapour (by evaporation) from the surface of the leaf.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is translocation?

A

The movement of glucose from the leaves (where they are made) to the rest of the plant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of xylem?

A

Xylem is a plant tissue which transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the stems and leaves. It is composed of hollow tubes strengthened by lignin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of phloem?

A

Phloem is a plant tissue which transports dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant. The plant can either use the sugars immediately or store them (as starch).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the structure of stomata?

A

They are tiny pores on the surfaces of leaves, which can open or close. Guard cells surround the stomata and control the opening and closing of the stomata.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of stomata?

A

They allow the exchange of gases in and out of the leaf. Water vapour can also leave through the stomata. They control gas exchange and water loss.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain how stomata control gas exchange and water loss.

A

Guard cells open and close the stomata and in this way control the levels of carbon dioxide that enter the leaf and the oxygen & water vapour that leave the leaf by diffusion. i.e. Stomata control gas exchange and water loss.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why is there less water loss through the stomata during conditions of low light intensity?

A

In low light the guard cells lose water and become flaccid, causing the stomata to close. They would normally only close in the dark when no carbon dioxide is needed for photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are most of the stomata found?

A

On the lower surface on the leaf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do mineral ions enter the plant?

A

Mineral ions are dissolved in water in low concentrations. Therefore the mineral ions (e.g. magnesium, potassium etc) enter the plant via the root hair cells by active transport.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe how guard cells open and close

A
  • Guard cells have an unevenly thickened (cell) wall

* This enables them to, change shape / bend when they gain water by osmosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which conditions cause stomata to OPEN.

A
  • Stomata open during the day and close during the night.
  • High water potential outside the stomata
  • Light causes stomata to open
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the root hair cells?

A

To absorb water (by osmosis) and mineral ions e.g. K+ by active transport.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How are root hair cells adapted to absorb water and mineral ions?

A

There are many hairs which gives an increased surface area so the plant can absorb more water by osmosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are xylem cells adapted to transport water?

A
  • Composed of dead hollow cells

- They have thick lignified walls which gives strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of phloem cells?

A

To transport food (glucose) from the leaves to the rest of the plant for immediate use or storage. This is called translocation.

17
Q

What is the structure of phloem cells?

A
  • Tubes of elongated cells
  • Living cells
  • Each phloem tube has a companion cell.
18
Q

What is the function of xylem cells?

A

To transport water from the roots to the leaves.

19
Q

Explain how light intensity affects the RATE of transpiration.

A

Transpiration rate increases as light intensity increases.

This is because stomata are open wider for gas exchange. More water therefore evaporates.

20
Q

Explain how temperature affects the RATE of transpiration.

A

At higher temperatures the rate of transpiration increases.

This is because water molecules have more kinetic energy and enzymes can catalyses reactions faster.

21
Q

Explain how humidity affects the RATE of transpiration.

A

Transpiration rate is faster when conditions are LESS humid.
The less humid the air the less water in it. In this case water molecules will move by osmosis from an area of higher water potential (inside the leaf) to an area of lower water potential (outside the leaf).

22
Q

What are the walls of xylem thickened with?

A

Lignin

23
Q

Do xylem cells have a nucleus?

A

No, as they are DEAD hollow cells.

24
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place?

A

In the leaves of the plant.