B6 Flashcards
What is the basic unit of inheritance?
Gene
True or False: Alleles are different versions of a gene.
True
What is the genotype of an organism?
The genetic makeup of an organism.
Fill in the blank: The physical expression of a genotype is known as the ___.
Phenotype
What is natural selection?
The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a source of genetic variation? A) Mutation B) Genetic Drift C) Gene Flow D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is a dominant allele?
An allele that expresses its phenotype even when heterozygous with a recessive allele.
True or False: A recessive allele requires two copies to express its phenotype.
True
What does the term ‘homozygous’ mean?
Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.
What is the purpose of a Punnett square?
To predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.
Fill in the blank: The process by which DNA is copied to RNA is called ___.
Transcription
What is the role of chromosomes in inheritance?
Chromosomes carry genes, which are passed from parents to offspring.
What is genetic drift?
A random change in allele frequencies in a population.
True or False: Speciation is the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
True
What is a phenotype ratio?
The ratio of different phenotypes resulting from a genetic cross.
Fill in the blank: The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics is known as ___.
Genetics
What are homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes that have the same genes at the same loci but may have different alleles.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a method of asexual reproduction? A) Budding B) Fertilization C) Pollination D) All of the above
A) Budding
What is the significance of mutations in evolution?
Mutations introduce new genetic variation, which is essential for natural selection.
Fill in the blank: The process by which two different species evolve in response to each other is called ___.
Coevolution
Multiple Choice: Which of the following can be a cause of extinction? A) Habitat destruction B) Overhunting C) Climate change D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is the difference between artificial selection and natural selection?
Artificial selection is human-directed breeding for desired traits, while natural selection is the process where organisms better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce.
What is a heterozygous?
Having 2 different alleles of a particular gene
What is a genotype?
Complete set of genetic material
What is a genome?
All the genetic information of an organism
What is a phenotype?
The physical properties of an organism
