B6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the negative results in deforestation

A

destroys habitats so less biodiveresity
leads to soild erosion
less of nutrients

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2
Q

what are the green house gasses

A

CO2
Water vapour
methane

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3
Q

How do humans effect biodiversity

A

making fields entirely one crop
building cities
deforestation

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4
Q

What is the indicator species for air pollution

A

lichen

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5
Q

how can lichen indicate the levels of pollution

A

bushy lichen = clean air
leafy lichen small amount of pollution
crusty more
None = Heavialy polluted

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6
Q

How does water pollution come happen?

A

discharge of harmful substances

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7
Q

indicator species

A

mayfly larva = very clean air
blood worm = modate pollution
none = heavy pollution

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8
Q

define food security

A

the accessability and quality of food

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9
Q

define sustainability

A

constant food production and availiability

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10
Q

proccess of genetic modification

A

cut gene out with restriction enzyme
cut section fo bacteria plasmid
use DNA ligase in order to stick the gene to the plasmid’s sticky ends together
binary fission

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11
Q

factors that affect health

A

genes
diet
exercise

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12
Q

types of pathogens

A

viruses
bacteria
fungi
protists

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13
Q

symptoms of HIV

A

white blood cells are attacked - little immune response

can lead to aids - no immunity

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14
Q

what are human defences against pathogens

A
stomach acid 2 pH - kills bacteria
muhcus and hairs in respiritory system - traps bacteria
skin  = barrier
eyes have tears to wahs out bacteria 
immune system
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15
Q

what is a vaccine

A

it contains dead or weakened pathogens for a specififc disease
allows immune system to develop antibodies for the pathogen

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16
Q

what are the three main factors taht drugs are tested on

A

efficacy - hwo well the drug works
toxicity - hwo harmful it is
dosage - how much of the drug should be used

17
Q

two stages of preclinical test

A

test on human cells and tissues

test on live animals

18
Q

two stages of clinical testing

A

test on heathy people - tests the toxixity
and dosage that can be given

test of poeple suffering from the disease - increase dosage until optimum is found

19
Q

how are tests kept fair and valid

A

half of volunteers shoudl be given a placebo to see how much of the effect of the drug is down to the makeup of the drug

20
Q

what is coronary heart disease

A

fatty diposits building up in the coronary arteries

21
Q

treatment for coronary heart disease

A

stents - tube inside artery to open up the artery

21
Q

treatment for coronary heart disease

A

stents - tube inside artery to open up the artery

stantins - alter the balence of cholerterol in the blood

22
Q

pros and cons to stents

A

quick surgery
works for a long time

surgery has risks
blood clots near the stents

23
Q

pros and cons to statins

A
decrease LDL (Bad cholesterol)
increase HDL (good cholesterol)

have to be taken often
side affects - head aches

24
Q

treatment to damaged valves (too tight or too loose)

A

mehcanical valves

biological valves like pigs or cows