B6

Question 1

What are the negative results in deforestation

Answer 1

destroys habitats so less biodiveresity
leads to soild erosion
less of nutrients

Question 2

what are the green house gasses

Answer 2

CO2
Water vapour
methane

Question 3

How do humans effect biodiversity

Answer 3

making fields entirely one crop
building cities
deforestation

Question 4

What is the indicator species for air pollution

Answer 4

lichen

Question 5

how can lichen indicate the levels of pollution

Answer 5

bushy lichen = clean air
leafy lichen small amount of pollution
crusty more
None = Heavialy polluted

Question 6

How does water pollution come happen?

Answer 6

discharge of harmful substances

Question 7

indicator species

Answer 7

mayfly larva = very clean air
blood worm = modate pollution
none = heavy pollution

Question 8

define food security

Answer 8

the accessability and quality of food

Question 9

define sustainability

Answer 9

constant food production and availiability

Question 10

proccess of genetic modification

Answer 10

cut gene out with restriction enzyme
cut section fo bacteria plasmid
use DNA ligase in order to stick the gene to the plasmid’s sticky ends together
binary fission

Question 11

factors that affect health

Answer 11

genes
diet
exercise

Question 12

types of pathogens

Answer 12

viruses
bacteria
fungi
protists

Question 13

symptoms of HIV

Answer 13

white blood cells are attacked - little immune response

can lead to aids - no immunity

Question 14

what are human defences against pathogens

Answer 14

stomach acid 2 pH - kills bacteria
muhcus and hairs in respiritory system - traps bacteria
skin  = barrier
eyes have tears to wahs out bacteria 
immune system

Question 15

what is a vaccine

Answer 15

it contains dead or weakened pathogens for a specififc disease
allows immune system to develop antibodies for the pathogen

Question 16

what are the three main factors taht drugs are tested on

Answer 16

efficacy - hwo well the drug works
toxicity - hwo harmful it is
dosage - how much of the drug should be used

Question 17

two stages of preclinical test

Answer 17

test on human cells and tissues

test on live animals

Question 18

two stages of clinical testing

Answer 18

test on heathy people - tests the toxixity
and dosage that can be given

test of poeple suffering from the disease - increase dosage until optimum is found

Question 19

how are tests kept fair and valid

Answer 19

half of volunteers shoudl be given a placebo to see how much of the effect of the drug is down to the makeup of the drug

Question 20

what is coronary heart disease

Answer 20

fatty diposits building up in the coronary arteries

Question 21

treatment for coronary heart disease

Answer 21

stents - tube inside artery to open up the artery

Question 21

treatment for coronary heart disease

Answer 21

stents - tube inside artery to open up the artery

stantins - alter the balence of cholerterol in the blood

Question 22

pros and cons to stents

Answer 22

quick surgery
works for a long time

surgery has risks
blood clots near the stents

Question 23

pros and cons to statins

Answer 23

decrease LDL (Bad cholesterol)
increase HDL (good cholesterol)

have to be taken often
side affects - head aches

Question 24

treatment to damaged valves (too tight or too loose)

Answer 24

mehcanical valves

biological valves like pigs or cows