B6 Flashcards
What are the negative results in deforestation
destroys habitats so less biodiveresity
leads to soild erosion
less of nutrients
what are the green house gasses
CO2
Water vapour
methane
How do humans effect biodiversity
making fields entirely one crop
building cities
deforestation
What is the indicator species for air pollution
lichen
how can lichen indicate the levels of pollution
bushy lichen = clean air
leafy lichen small amount of pollution
crusty more
None = Heavialy polluted
How does water pollution come happen?
discharge of harmful substances
indicator species
mayfly larva = very clean air
blood worm = modate pollution
none = heavy pollution
define food security
the accessability and quality of food
define sustainability
constant food production and availiability
proccess of genetic modification
cut gene out with restriction enzyme
cut section fo bacteria plasmid
use DNA ligase in order to stick the gene to the plasmid’s sticky ends together
binary fission
factors that affect health
genes
diet
exercise
types of pathogens
viruses
bacteria
fungi
protists
symptoms of HIV
white blood cells are attacked - little immune response
can lead to aids - no immunity
what are human defences against pathogens
stomach acid 2 pH - kills bacteria muhcus and hairs in respiritory system - traps bacteria skin = barrier eyes have tears to wahs out bacteria immune system
what is a vaccine
it contains dead or weakened pathogens for a specififc disease
allows immune system to develop antibodies for the pathogen
what are the three main factors taht drugs are tested on
efficacy - hwo well the drug works
toxicity - hwo harmful it is
dosage - how much of the drug should be used
two stages of preclinical test
test on human cells and tissues
test on live animals
two stages of clinical testing
test on heathy people - tests the toxixity
and dosage that can be given
test of poeple suffering from the disease - increase dosage until optimum is found
how are tests kept fair and valid
half of volunteers shoudl be given a placebo to see how much of the effect of the drug is down to the makeup of the drug
what is coronary heart disease
fatty diposits building up in the coronary arteries
treatment for coronary heart disease
stents - tube inside artery to open up the artery
treatment for coronary heart disease
stents - tube inside artery to open up the artery
stantins - alter the balence of cholerterol in the blood
pros and cons to stents
quick surgery
works for a long time
surgery has risks
blood clots near the stents
pros and cons to statins
decrease LDL (Bad cholesterol) increase HDL (good cholesterol)
have to be taken often
side affects - head aches
treatment to damaged valves (too tight or too loose)
mehcanical valves
biological valves like pigs or cows
