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biology > b5 - homeostasis and response > Flashcards

b5 - homeostasis and response Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is homeostasis

A

the regulation of internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for the body to function

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2
Q

what is regulated

A

blood glucose levels
body temperature
water levels
waste

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3
Q

what does the nervous system use to communicate

A

electrical impulses

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4
Q

what does the endocrine system use to communicate

A

chemical molecules

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5
Q

what does each control system have

A

receptor
coordination centre
effector

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6
Q

what does the receptor do

A

detect the change

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7
Q

what does the coordination centre do

A

receive and process information

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8
Q

what does the effector do

A

bring about a response

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9
Q

nervous system response speed

A

rapid and precise

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10
Q

endocrine system response speed

A

slower but longer

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11
Q

nervous system type of message

A

nerve impulse - electrical

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12
Q

endocrine system type of message

A

hormone - chemical

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13
Q

nervous system action

A

carried in nerves to location

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14
Q

endocrine system action

A

carried in blood to organs

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15
Q

what is the control nervous system

A

consists of the brain and spinal cord. it is responsible for processing information and giving instructions.

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16
Q

what is the peripheral nervous system

A

consists of neurons, receptor, cells and effectors. it is responsible for collecting information, sending it to the CNS and acting on instructions from the CNS

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17
Q

types of neurons

A

sensory
motor
relay

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18
Q

what do sensory neurons do

A

carry information as electrical impulses from the receptors to the CNS

19
Q

what do motor neurons do

A

carry electrical impulses from the CNS to effectors

20
Q

order leading to a response

A

stimulus
receptor
sensory neurone
CNS
motor neurone
effector
response

21
Q

what is the connection between to neurones called

A

synapse

22
Q

what is a reflex

A

rapid, automatic responses to a stimulus that doesn’t involve the conscious part of the brain. they prevent injury

23
Q

what is a reflex arc

A

the passage of information in a reflex from receptor to effector

24
Q

what do relay neurones do

A

connect sensory neurones to motor neurones

25
Q

describe the pathway of a reflex from stimulus to effector

A

the neurones in reflex arcs go through the spinal cord or brain.
when a stimulus is detected by receptors, impulses are sent along a sensory neurone to a relay neurone in the CNS.
when the impulses reach a synapse between the sensory and relay neurone they trigger chemicals to be released. these chemicals cause impulses to be sent along the relay neurone.
when the impulses reach a synapse between the relay and motor neurone the same thing happens. impulses are then sent along the motor neurone to the effector and the muscle contracts.

26
Q

hormone produced by pituitary gland

A

growth hormone, prolactin, TSH, ASTH, oxytocin

27
Q

hormone produced by thyroid gland

A

thyroxine

28
Q

hormone produced by pancreas

A

insulin, glucagon

29
Q

hormone produced by adrenal gland

A

adrenaline, corticosteroids

30
Q

hormone produced by ovary gland

A

oestrogen, progesterone

31
Q

what does growth hormone do

A

stimulates growth of cells and tissues

32
Q

what does thyroxine do

A

regulates the rate of metabolism, heart rate and temperature

33
Q

what does insulin and glucagon do

A

reduces the levels of glucose in the blood

34
Q

what does adrenaline do

A

increases heart rate, breathing rate, prepares body for action

35
Q

what does oestrogen and progesterone do

A

control the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, puberty and secondary female characteristics

36
Q

what does testosterone do

A

controls puberty and secondary male characteristics

37
Q

what happens when glucose levels are too high in our blood

A

drowsiness
nausea
extreme hunger or thirst
blurred vision

38
Q

what happens when glucose levels are too low in our blood

A

shaking
fast heartbeat
sweating
dizziness
weak

39
Q

what happens to our blood sugar levels after eating

A

immediately increases but 2 hours after the levels return to pre-meal level

40
Q

what happens to someone with type 1 diabetes

A

their pancreas cannot produce insulin

41
Q

what happens to someone with type 2 diabetes

A

their body cells lose their sensitivity to insulin so they no longer respond to the insulin being produced

42
Q

how is type 1 diabetes treated

A

injections of insulin

43
Q

how is type 2 diabetes treated

A

controlling lifestyle, diet, exercise or tablets

biology (7 decks)

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