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Biology > B5 Communicable Diseases > Flashcards

B5 Communicable Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

Examples of communicable diseases

A

Small pox

Cancer

Measles

Influenza

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2
Q

Examples of non-communicable diseases

A

Asthma

Depression

Athletes foot

Cardiovascular

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3
Q

Health

A

State of physical and mental wellbeing

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4
Q

What causes communicable diseases

A

Pathogens

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5
Q

Correlation

A

Apparent link between 2 factors

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6
Q

Casual mechanism

A

How one factor affects the other

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7
Q

Pathogen

A

Micro-organism that causes a disease

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8
Q

Main types of pathogen

A

Bacteria, virus, fungi and protist

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9
Q

Communicable disease

A

A disease that can be passed from person to person

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10
Q

Bacteria function

A

Divide quickly and damage cells

Produce toxins that make you feel ill

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11
Q

Viruses function

A

Take over your cells to reproduce damaging and destroying your cells

Rarelu produce toxins that make you feel ill

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12
Q

Transmission

A

Spreading of microbes and disease

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13
Q

How do pathogen spread

A

Transmission by

Air, water, animals, contact

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14
Q

Viral diseases examples

A

Measles

HIV

AIDS

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15
Q

Bacterial diseases examples

A

Salmonella

Gonorrhoea

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16
Q

Fungal and protist diseases

A

Rose black spot

Malaria

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17
Q

Bacteria

A

Single-celled living organisms that are much smaller than animal and plant cells

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18
Q

Viruses

A

Smaller than bacteria

Cause diseases in every type of living organism

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19
Q

Common disease symptoms

A

High temperature

Headaches

Rashes

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20
Q

What happens during vaccination

A

Doctors introduce a small amount of a specific pathogen into your body

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21
Q

Main symptoms of measles

A

Fever

Red skin rash

22
Q

First virus to be isolated

A

Tobacco mosiac virus

23
Q

How is tobacco mosaic virus spread

A

By contact between diseased plant material and healthy insects

24
Q

Antibiotics

A

Kill bacteria or stop them from growing and cure bacterial diseases

25
Q

Salmonella

And where it is found in

A

Bacteria that live in the guts of many different animals

Found in raw meat, poultry, eggs

26
Q

Symptoms of gonorrhoea

A

Thick yellow discharge from penis or vagina

27
Q

Agrobacterium tumefaciens 💀

A

A bacterium that causes that causes crown galls

28
Q

Fungal disease example

A

Athlete’s foot

Rose black spot

29
Q

Fungal diseases function

A

Can be fatal when they attack lungs or brains of people who are already ill

30
Q

Protists

A

Single celled organims that causes a range of diseases in animals and plants

31
Q

What is malaria caused by

A

Protists pathogens that are parasites

32
Q

Culture

A

To grow in very large numbers so scientists see all the bacteria

33
Q

Binary fission

A

Multiplies bacteria once every 20 minutes

34
Q

Mutation

A

A change in the DNA which could produce a dangerous pathogen

35
Q

How do bacteria reproduce

A

Binary fission

They split in 2

36
Q

What does growth rate of bacteria depend on

A

Nutrients

Oxygen

Temperature

pH

37
Q

Symptoms if a plant is infected by disease

A

Stunted growth

Spots on leaves

38
Q

Waxy cuticle

A

Covers surface of leaf which acts as a barrier to stop pathogens from entering the leaf

39
Q

What are plant cell walls made of

A

Cellulose

40
Q

Examples of mechanical defences from plants

A

Thorns and hairs

41
Q

Examples of chemical defences of plants

A

Some plants produce antibacterial chemicals that kill bacteria

Nettles produce poison

42
Q

Examples of chemical defenses the body uses against bacteria

A

Hydrochloric acid to kill microbes

Enzyme called lysozyme kills pathogens

43
Q

Examples of mechanical diseases the body uses against bacteria

A

Platelets rush to surface forming a clot which dries into a scab

Goblet cells produce a sticky mucus to trap pathogens

44
Q

3 ways white blood cells mount an attack against pathogens

A

Phagocytosis

Produces antibodies

Produces antitoxins

45
Q

Antibodies function

(Formed from white blood cells)

A

Attach to pathogens marking them for destruction

46
Q

How are antitoxins produced

A

By white blood cells that cancel out the toxins produced by pathogens

47
Q

Skin defences

A

Skin covers body and acts as a barrier

Produces antimicrobial secretions to destroy pathogenic bacteria

48
Q

Defence of respiratory system

A

The hairs and mucus in nose trap particles in the air that may contain pathogens

49
Q

Ways microorganisms get in your body

A

Cuts

Injections

Animal bites

50
Q

What happens to your skin when you cut yourself

A

Your blood dries up and goes hard

It clots

51
Q

Antibodies

A

Destroy microorganisms

Biology (4 decks)

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