B5 Communicable Diseases Flashcards
Examples of communicable diseases
Small pox
Cancer
Measles
Influenza
Examples of non-communicable diseases
Asthma
Depression
Athletes foot
Cardiovascular
Health
State of physical and mental wellbeing
What causes communicable diseases
Pathogens
Correlation
Apparent link between 2 factors
Casual mechanism
How one factor affects the other
Pathogen
Micro-organism that causes a disease
Main types of pathogen
Bacteria, virus, fungi and protist
Communicable disease
A disease that can be passed from person to person
Bacteria function
Divide quickly and damage cells
Produce toxins that make you feel ill
Viruses function
Take over your cells to reproduce damaging and destroying your cells
Rarelu produce toxins that make you feel ill
Transmission
Spreading of microbes and disease
How do pathogen spread
Transmission by
Air, water, animals, contact
Viral diseases examples
Measles
HIV
AIDS
Bacterial diseases examples
Salmonella
Gonorrhoea
Fungal and protist diseases
Rose black spot
Malaria
Bacteria
Single-celled living organisms that are much smaller than animal and plant cells
Viruses
Smaller than bacteria
Cause diseases in every type of living organism
Common disease symptoms
High temperature
Headaches
Rashes
What happens during vaccination
Doctors introduce a small amount of a specific pathogen into your body
Main symptoms of measles
Fever
Red skin rash
First virus to be isolated
Tobacco mosiac virus
How is tobacco mosaic virus spread
By contact between diseased plant material and healthy insects
Antibiotics
Kill bacteria or stop them from growing and cure bacterial diseases
Salmonella
And where it is found in
Bacteria that live in the guts of many different animals
Found in raw meat, poultry, eggs
Symptoms of gonorrhoea
Thick yellow discharge from penis or vagina
Agrobacterium tumefaciens 💀
A bacterium that causes that causes crown galls
Fungal disease example
Athlete’s foot
Rose black spot
Fungal diseases function
Can be fatal when they attack lungs or brains of people who are already ill
Protists
Single celled organims that causes a range of diseases in animals and plants
What is malaria caused by
Protists pathogens that are parasites
Culture
To grow in very large numbers so scientists see all the bacteria
Binary fission
Multiplies bacteria once every 20 minutes
Mutation
A change in the DNA which could produce a dangerous pathogen
How do bacteria reproduce
Binary fission
They split in 2
What does growth rate of bacteria depend on
Nutrients
Oxygen
Temperature
pH
Symptoms if a plant is infected by disease
Stunted growth
Spots on leaves
Waxy cuticle
Covers surface of leaf which acts as a barrier to stop pathogens from entering the leaf
What are plant cell walls made of
Cellulose
Examples of mechanical defences from plants
Thorns and hairs
Examples of chemical defences of plants
Some plants produce antibacterial chemicals that kill bacteria
Nettles produce poison
Examples of chemical defenses the body uses against bacteria
Hydrochloric acid to kill microbes
Enzyme called lysozyme kills pathogens
Examples of mechanical diseases the body uses against bacteria
Platelets rush to surface forming a clot which dries into a scab
Goblet cells produce a sticky mucus to trap pathogens
3 ways white blood cells mount an attack against pathogens
Phagocytosis
Produces antibodies
Produces antitoxins
Antibodies function
(Formed from white blood cells)
Attach to pathogens marking them for destruction
How are antitoxins produced
By white blood cells that cancel out the toxins produced by pathogens
Skin defences
Skin covers body and acts as a barrier
Produces antimicrobial secretions to destroy pathogenic bacteria
Defence of respiratory system
The hairs and mucus in nose trap particles in the air that may contain pathogens
Ways microorganisms get in your body
Cuts
Injections
Animal bites
What happens to your skin when you cut yourself
Your blood dries up and goes hard
It clots
Antibodies
Destroy microorganisms
