B5 communicable diseases

Question 1

What are communicable diseases caused by?

Answer 1

Pathogens

Question 2

Give the 4 types of pathogens

Answer 2

bacteria
protists
viruses
fungi

Question 3

Are pathogens communicable?

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

Give an example of a communicable disease

Answer 4

tuberculosis or flu

Question 5

Give example of a non-communicable disease

Answer 5

heart disease or arthritis

Question 6

What factors affect health?

Answer 6

diet
stress
life situations

Question 7

How does diet affect your health?

Answer 7

if not enough to eat or right nutrients may suffer from diseases from starvation to anaemia.
Too much food or wrong type can lead to obesity, cancers or type 2 diabetes

Question 8

How does stress affect your health?

Answer 8

Stress is inevitable and could be needed but too much increases risk of heart disease, certain cancers or mental health problems

Question 9

Give some factors of life situations which affect your health

Answer 9

where you live
gender
financial status
ethnicity
levels of free health care provided
number of children
local sewage and rubbish disposal

Question 10

What can viruses in cells trigger?

Answer 10

Changes that lead to cancer, e.g. human papilloma virus can cause cervical cancer

Question 11

What does the immune system do to pathogens?

Answer 11

destroys them

Question 12

What happens if there are defects in your immune system?

Answer 12

May not work effectively, may be a result of your genetic makeup, poor nutrition or infections such as HIV/AIDS. meaning you will be more likely to suffer from communicable diseases

Question 13

What can immune reactions caused by pathogens cause?

Answer 13

can trigger allergies to factors in the environment these allergies may cause skin rashes, hives or asthma

Question 14

How is physical and mental health closely linked?

Answer 14

Severe physical ill health can lead to depression and other mental illnesses

Question 15

What is malnutrition linked to in terms of health problems?

Answer 15

deficiency diseases, weakened immune system, obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and canceer

Question 16

What is health

Answer 16

a state of physical and mental well-being

Question 17

What are communicable diseases cause by?

Answer 17

pathogens or by toxin made by pathogens

Question 18

What are the most common pathogens in plants?

Answer 18

viruses, plants and fungi

Question 19

What are bacteria?

Answer 19

single celled living organisms (much smaller than animal and plants cells)

Question 20

how are bacteria used for humans?

Answer 20

yoghurt and cheese, to treat sewage and to make medicines

Question 21

where are bacteria important

Answer 21

in environment and in body

Question 22

How is bacteria useful in the environment?

Answer 22

as decomposers

Question 23

Which pathogen effects our health and well being the most

Answer 23

bacteria

Question 24

Are pathogenic bacteria a minority of majority?

Answer 24

minority but are significant because of effects have on individuals and society

Question 25

Are bacteria bigger or smaller than viruses?

Answer 25

bigger

Question 26

what shape are viruses?

Answer 26

regular shapes

Question 27

What happens when bacteria and viruses are in your body?

Answer 27

they reproduce rapidly

Question 28

How do bacteria reproduce?

Answer 28

divide rapidly by splitting in two (binary fission) may produce toxins that affects your body and make you feel ill or even directly damage cells

Question 29

How do viruses take over the cells of your body?

Answer 29

they live an reproduce inside the cells damaging and destroying them

Question 30

What are common disease symptoms?

Answer 30

high temperature, headaches and rashes

Question 31

Why do the common diseases symptoms happen?

Answer 31

way your body responds to cell damage and toxins produced by pathogens

Question 32

How are pathogens spread?

Answer 32

by air
by water
by direct contact

Question 33

How are pathogens spread by air?

Answer 33

bacteria, viruses and fungal spores are carried from on organism to another in the air.
In human diseases droplet infection is common because when you are ill you expel tiny droplets full of pathogens when you cough, sneeze or talk and other people breathe them in

Question 34

How are pathogens spread by direct contact?

Answer 34

diseases can be spread by direct contact of an infected organism with a healthy one - common in plant diseases
-piece of infected plant material left in field infects entire new crop. STI’s are spread by direct contact of skin, e.g. HIV/AIDS or hepatitis enter through sexual contact cuts, scratches or needle puncture

Question 35

How are pathogens spread by water?

Answer 35

fungal spores carried in splashes of water often spread plant diseases, for humans, eating raw, undercooked, or contaminated foot or drinking water containing sewage can spread diseases, e.g cholera or diarrhea diseases - enter through digestive system