B5 Classification systems Flashcards
Name the either groups in the classification hierarchy, from largest to smallest
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What is a species?
A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
The binomial name gives the ….
Genus name and species name
What is phylogenetic classification?
Arranging organisms into groups based on their evolutionary relationships
Describe why the classification system used in biology is described
as a hierarchy
Smaller groups within larger groups
No overlap between groups
Why do organisms show courtship behaviour?
Recognise members of the same species
Synchronise breeding behaviour
Form a pair bond that will lead to successful mating and raising of offspring
Organisms with similar courtship behaviour are ….
More closely related
Give 6 pieces of evidence that can be used to assess how closely related two organisms are.
Observable characteristics
Base sequence of DNA
Base sequence of mRNA
Amino acid sequence
Courtship behaviour
Immunological comparisons
mRNA comparison
What is the genus name for Homo sapiens?
Homo
What is the species name for Homo sapiens?
sapiens
Name the three domain groups
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
Archaea
How many parts does the internationally accepted scientific species name have?
2
How are organisms in the prokaryote domain different to eukaryote domain?
No true nucleus vs nucleus
DNA in single loop vs linear chromosomes
DNA not associated with histones unlike eukaryotes
No membrane bound organelles
Cell wall made of murein/peptidoglycan
How does DNA hybridisation indicate how closely two species are?
The higher the temperature required to separate the DNA strands the more closely related the species are
Describe how to carry our DNA hybridisation
For each species separate the DNA strands (using heat)
Allow the DNA from each species to join together (hybrid DNA)
Heat the DNA and record the temperature required to separate the 2 strands.
On the phylogenetic tree shown on the picture, which organism is most closely related to E. coli
Pseudomonas
On the phylogenetic tree shown on the picture, which organism is most closely related to E. coli
Pseudomonas
What does point X show on the phylogenetic tree diagram?
Common ancestor for E.coli, Pseudomonas and Treponema
