Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

1. A level year 12 master > A2 Biological Molecules > Flashcards

A2 Biological Molecules Flashcards

1
Q

Name the bond that joins two monosaccharides.

A

Glyosidic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the disaccharide formed when two glucose molecules are joined.

A

Maltose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the type of reaction used to join monosaccharides together.

A

Condensation reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the molcule shown below

A

Alpha glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the molecule shown below

A

Fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the molecule shown below

A

Beta glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name the carbohydrate formed when glucose and fructose are joined together.

A

Sucrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the sugar made when galactose and glucose condense

A

Lactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name three monosaccharides

A

Glucose, fructose and galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the molecule shown in the picture

A

Maltose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the molcule shown in the picture

A

Sucrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name 2 polysaccharides

A

Starch, glycogen and cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which elements are found in carbohydrates?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the 2 molecules made when 2 glucose molecules are

joined by a glycosidic bond

A

Maltose and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which type of glucose is used to make starch?

A

Alpha glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which type of glucose is used to make cellulose?

A

Beta glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Explain how the strucutre of glycogen is reelated to its function

A

Structure - polysaccharide of alpha glucose

Function - storage in animals

Helical shape so compact

Insoluble molecule so osmotically inactive

Branched so glucose is easily hydrolysed/added

Large so cannot leave cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Explain how the strucutre of starch is reelated to its function

A

Structure - polysaccharide of alpha glucose

Function - storage in plants

Helical shape so compact

Insoluble molecule so osmotically inactive

Branched so glucose is easily hydrolysed/added

Large so cannot leave cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give three uses of phosphate in living organisms.

A

Makes phospholipids, ATP, DNA, RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name the three different molecules found in ATP

A

Ribose, adenine and phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why is iron needed in living things?

A

Used to make haemoglobin which transports oxygen round the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Name the building blocks of triglycerides.

A

Glycerol and fatty acids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fatty acid?

A

Saturated fatty acids have single carbon bonds between the carbon atoms.
Unsaturated fatty acids have at least one carbon clarion double bond.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do you test for a lipid?

A

Add ethanol to the test solution.
Mix gently
Pour liquid into cold water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is a positive and negative result for a biochemical test for lipid
Positive - White emulsion Negative - clear
26
Name the elements found in lipids
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
27
How many carbon atoms are found in glycerol
3
28
Name the bond formed when a fatty acid and glycerol join.
Ester bond
29
Name the type of reaction used to join fatty acids and glycerol
Condensation reaction
30
Name the type of reaction used when lipid is digested.
Hydrolysis
31
Describe how to test for starch
Add iodine to the test solution
32
Describe the colour produced in a positive and negative test for starch.
Positive - blue or black Negative- yellow, orange, brown
33
Describe how to test for a reducing sugar
Add Benedict's solution Heat in a waterbath
34
What colour is produced by a positive Benedict's test?
Green, yellow, orange, brick red
35
What colour is a negative result for a reducing sugar?
blue
36
Name 3 reducing sugars
Glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose, lactose
37
Name a non-reducing sugar
Sucrose
38
Describe how to test for a non-reducing sugar
Obtain a negative Benedict's test Add acid and heat Add sodium hydrogen carbonate until it stops fizzing. Add Benedict's solution and heat
39
Water has a high specific heat capacity. What does this mean?
It takes a lot of energy to change the temperature of water.
40
Water has a high latent heat of vapourisation. What does this mean? Why is this feature of water important in humans?
Takes a lot of heat to change liquid water into water vapour. Used for cooling the body. The evaporation of sweat removes heat from the skin/blood.
41
Water is a polar molecule. What does this mean?
It has a slight positive and negative charge. The hydrogen atoms gain a slight positive charge and the oxygen atom gains a slight negative charge.
42
Water is an excellent solvent. What does this mean and why is it important?
Water allows lots of solutes to dissolve in it. Chemicals dissolve in the water in the blood and can be carried round the body to every cell.
43
Name the bond that joins cellulose molecules together.
Hydrogen bonds
44
Why is ATP a good intermediate energy source?
Single step hydrolysis reaction releases energy. Energy released in small amounts Energy can be transferred to other molecules to make them more reactive.
45
Name the enzyme used to make ATP.
ATP synthetase
46
Name the enzyme used to hydrolyse ATP.
ATP hydrolase
47
Why are sodium ions required in the body.
Needed to do-transport glucose and amino acids from the ileum into the epithelium cells.
48
Water molecules show cohesion.what does this mean and state where it is important in biology.
Water molecules are hydrogen bonded to each other. Supports columns of water in xylem vessels - transpiration Produce surface tension - allows animals to 'walk' on water surface.
49
Name two types of reaction that involve water.
Condensation and hydrolysis.
50
In which processes is ATP made?
Respiration and photosynthesis.
51
Complete the reaction ATP + water -\>
ADP and Pi
52
Name the monomers used to make proteins.
Amino acid
53
How many different types of amino acids are there?
20
54
Name the bond that joins two amino acids together.
Peptide
55
Name the 2 substances made when two amino acids are joined together.
Dipeptide Water
56
What is a polypeptide?
Many amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.
57
Name the elements found in amino acids.
Nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
58
Name 3 biological molecules which contain nitrogen.
Proteins/amino acids (eg haemoglobin, chlorophyll) ATP DNA/RNA nucleotides/bases (eg mRNA, tRNA, rRNA) NAD/NADP/FAD cAMP
59
How is the structure cf cellulose suited to its function?
Beta glucose form long straight chains Strong glyosidic bonds between glucose molecules Hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules add strength Cellulose arranged into microfibrils and then fibres adding strength
60
Name the monomers for the following polymers Protein Glycogen Cellulose DNA
Protein - amino acids Glycogen - alpha glucose Cellulose - beta glucose DNA - nucleotides
61
What happens in a condensation reaction?
A chemical bond forms between 2 molecules and a water molecule is produced.
62
What happens in a hydrolysis reaction?
A water molecule is used to break a chemical bond between 2 molecules
63
Describe how colorimetry could be used to find the unknown concentration of a glucose solution
Make standard solutions of glucose with known concentrations Carry out a standardised Benedict's test on each concentration and the unknown solution Record absorbance of % transmission values Plot calibration curve - absorbance or % transmission (y axis), concentration (x axis) Record absorbance or % transmission value of unknown sample. Use calibration curve to read off concentration

1. A level year 12 master (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions