Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > B5 > Flashcards

B5 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the name given to a cell that does a particular job?

A

A specialised cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a group of specialised cells called?

A

A tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a group of tissues cells called?

A

An organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

All cells in an embryo are identical (embryonic stem cells) up to and including what stage?

A

The eight cell stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Some cells unspecialised after eight-cell stage and can become specialised at a later stage. What is the name of these cells and how are they different to embryonic stem cells?

A

They are adult stem cells and they can become many but not all types of cells (they are partly specialised)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In plants, what name is given to the region of cells that are mitotically active ( can divide)?

A

Meristems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the new cells produce from plant meristem

A

They are unspecialised plant cells that can develop into any kind of cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Identify two types of plant tissue can be formed from unspecialised plant cells.

A

Xylem and phloem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Identify 4 plant organs

A

Flowers, leaves, stem and roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The presence of meristems allows the production of clones from a plant from cuttings. Why would a plant be cloned in a way?

A

To reproduce a desirable features of the plant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe how to grow a plant from a cutting

A

A cut stem from the plant must be placed in compost in the presence of plant hormone( auxins). The plant will then grow roots and become a plant of the parent plant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The growth and development of a plant is affected by the environment. When a plant is affected by light, what is this called?

A

Phototrophism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why does phototropism increase the chances of plant survival?

A

It means the plant gets more light which increases the rate of photosynthesis which leads to growth of the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain phototropism

A

Auxins are plant hormones that make some parts of a plant stem grow faster than others.The results is that the plant the plant stem bends towards the light.It does this because light coming from one side destroys the auxins made is this part of the stem.So growth on that side slows down.On the shaded side of the stem there is more auxin.So growth on this side speeds up. The result is that the shoots and leaves are turned towards the light for photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cell division by mitosis produces what?

A

Two new cells that are genetically identical to each other and the parent cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Identify the two main stages of the cell cycle?

A

Cell growth and mitosis

17
Q

Explain what happens during cell growth

A
  • The number of organelles in the plant increase

- The chromosomes are copied when the two strands of each DNA molecules seperate and new strands from alongside them .

18
Q

Explain what happens during mitosis.

A
  • The copies of chromosomes seperate

- The nucleus divides

19
Q

Meioses is a type of cell division that produce what?

A

Gametes

20
Q

Why is it important that in meiosis, the cells produced only contain half the chromosomes number of the parent cell?

A

Because the cell produced must be able to form a zygote with anther gamete that has a set chromosome from the other parent (23 pairs in total)

21
Q

What does a zygote contain ?

A

A set of chromosomes fro each parent

22
Q

Identify the structure of DNA?

A

A double helix

23
Q

What does the order of bases in a gene represent?

A

The genetic code for the production of a particular protein.

24
Q

Explain why proteins are made as a result of genes?

A

The order of bases in the gene is code foe building up amino acids.
Amino acids in the correct order will make the correct protein.

25
Q

Where is the genetic code in a plant or animal cell?

A

In the nucleus

26
Q

Where are proteins produced in the cell?

A

In the cytoplasm (in ribosomes)

27
Q

Explain how proteins are made in a cell?

A
  1. The gene unzips,mRNA bases pair with DNA bases forming a strand of mRNA
    - mRNA moves out of the nucleus ribosomes within the cytoplasm
    - The ribosome becomes attached to the end of the mRNA, gradually moving along the strand reading the genetic code, Allowing amino acids to be joined in the correct order
    - The protein is released by the ribosome into the cytoplasm
28
Q

All body cells contain the same genes but cells have different functions; why is this?

A

Many genes in a particular cell are not active (switched off ) because the cell only produces the specific proteins it needs

29
Q

What is the difference between an embryonic stem cell and specialised stem cell in term of genes?

A

In a specialised cell only genes needed for the cell can be switched on, but in embryonic stem cell any gene can be switched on during development.

30
Q

Adult stem cell and embryonic, stem cells have the potential to produce cells needed to replace what?

A

Damaged tissues

31
Q

How might it be possible to reactivate genes in order to treat illness?

A

Scientists can now clone cells and reactivate genes that have been switched off. These reactivated cell have the potential develop into cells of all the different tissue types such as muscle, nerve and blood. This is done by changing the genetic material in a human egg cell, by changing its nucleus.

32
Q

What are the steps in changing the genetic material in a human by changing its nucleus?

A
  1. Nucleus taken out of a human egg cell
  2. Nucleus from a patient’s cell put into egg cell
  3. Egg cells stimulated to develop into an embryo
  4. Stem cells taken from the embryo
  5. Stem cells grown in a container of warm nutrients
  6. Stem cells treated to develop into required cell types
33
Q

What do stem cells have the ability to replace and help in the body?

A
  • Making new brain cells to treat those with parkingson’s diease
  • Rebuilding bones and cartilage
  • Repairing damaged immune systems
  • Making replacement heart valves

Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions