Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > B4 > Flashcards

B4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The basic processes of life carried out by all living things depend on what?

A

Chemical reactions within cells that require energy (released by respiration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe phtosynthesis

A

A series of chemical reactions that use energy from sunlight to build large food molecules in plant cells and some micro-organisms (e.g. phytoplankton)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe respiration

A

A chemical reaction that release energy by breaking down large molecules in all living things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

They are biological catalyst that speed up the rate of reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where are enzymes made?

A

In the cytoplasm of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cells make enzymes according to what?

A

The instructions carried in the genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the lock and key model

A

Molecules have to be in the correct shape to fit the active sit of an enzyme. (essentially the substrate has to fit the active site)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The specific constant temperature that enzymes need to work best is called what?

A

The optimum temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If temperature gets too high, what happens to the enzyme?

A

The enzymes becomes denatured and will permanently stop working

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is enzyme activity at different temperatures a balance between?

A

Increased rate of reaction as temperature increases and changes to the active site at higher temperatures which may lead to denaturing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The pH at which the enzyme works best is known as what?

A

The optimum pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens to an enzyme if it is conditions are different to its optimum pH?

A

The active site can change shape and it may no longer work because the enzyme-substance complex cannot form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

State the word equation for photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide + water and light energy = glucose +oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

State the balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 +6H20_C6H12O6 +6O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Recall the three main stages of photosynthesis;

A
  • Light energy is absorbed by the green chemical chlorophyll
  • energy is used to bring about the reaction between carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose
  • Oxygen is produced as a waste product
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Minerals taken up by the plant roots are used tom make what?

A

Chemicals needed by cells including nitrogen from nitrates to make proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the 6 structural features of a plant cell.

A
  • Cell wall
  • Vacuole
  • Chloroplasts
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the function of chloroplast

A

They contain chlorophyll and the enzymes for the reaction in photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the function of the cell membrane

A

It allows gases and water to pass in and out of the cell freely while presenting a barrier to other chemicals

20
Q

Describe the function of the nucleus in a plant cell

A

It contains DNA, which carries the genetic code for making enzymes and other proteins in the chemical reactions of photosynthesis

21
Q

Describe the function of the cytoplasm in a plant cell

A

This is where the enzymes and other proteins are made

22
Q

Define diffusion

A

It is the passive overall movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration

23
Q

Define osmosis

A

It is the overall movement of water from dilute to more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

24
Q

The movement of water into plant roots occurs by which process?

A

Osmosis

25
Q

Define active transport

A

Movement of chemicals across a cell membrane requiring energy from respiration( chemicals move against the concentration of the gradient)

26
Q

How do plant root absorb nitrates?

A

Using active transport

27
Q

The rate of photosynthesis may be limited by what three factors?

A
  • Temperature
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Light intensity
28
Q

How is a light meter used in fieldworks?

A

A light meter is used to measure light intensity

29
Q

How is a quadrant used in fieldwork?

A

A quadrant is used to see how many animals or plants are present in a certain area

30
Q

How is identification key used in field works?

A

An identification key is used to identify species present in the fieldwork

31
Q

How do you take a transect?

A

A transect is straight line that runs through a location upon which data on organisms distribution can be recorded

32
Q

All living things require energy released by respiration, What are the three men uses of this energy?

A
  • Movement
  • Synthesis of large molecules
  • Active transport
33
Q

Describe examples of the synthesis of large molecules

A

Synthesis of polymers required by plant cells such as starch and cellulose from glucose in plant cells.
Synthesis of amino acids from glucose and nirates and then proteins from amino acids in plants , animals and microbial cells

34
Q

Aerobic respiration takes place in animal and plant cells as well as some micro-organisms : what does it require?

A

Oxygen ( and glucose)

35
Q

State the word equation for aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen = Carbon dioxide + water (energy released)

36
Q

Anaerobic respiration take place in condition of low or no oxygen. Give three examples of this.

A
  1. In plant roots in water logged soil
  2. In bacteria in puncture wounds
  3. In humans cells during vigorous exercise
37
Q

State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals cells and some bacteria.

A

Glucose = lactic acid ( +energy released)

38
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant cell and some micro-organisms

A

Glucose = ethanol + carbon dioxide(+ energy released)

39
Q

In terms of energy released per glucose molecule, what is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

A

Aerobic respiration releases more energy per glucose molecule

40
Q

What are the 4 structural features of an animal cell?

A
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
41
Q

What 5 structural features of a bacteria cell?

A
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Cell wall
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplam
42
Q

What is the function of mitochondria in cells?

A

They contain enzymes for the reaction in aerobic respiration (in animals ,plants and yeast)

43
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

It is where are made and it also contains the enzymes use in anaerobic respiration

44
Q

Describe the use anaerobic respiration in foods?

A

Anaerobic respiration takes place in yeast and some bacteria , producing ethanol and carbon dioxide . They have been used in the making of many foods such as bread , yoghurt and vinegar.

45
Q

Describe the use anaerobic respiration in fuels?

A

When fermentation is performed on larger scale using yeast, water sugar and some nutrients bio-ethanol can be used as a fuel.

46
Q

Describe the use anaerobic respiration in Biogas?

A

Bio gas is a fuel manufactured using animal manure ( and sometimes human waste) Biodegesters are used to convert the manure into bio gas. Bacteria inside the biodigester break down parts of the manure and produce methane gas. This can be used as a fuel to run generators and heat buildings. This method of fuel production is more commonly used in developing countries

Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions