B5

Question 1

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 1

A disease that is caused by a pathogen which CAN be transmitted from person to person

Question 2

Examples of communicable diseases (name at least 3)

Answer 2

Measles, malaria, HIV/AIDS, Salmonella

Question 3

What is a pathogen?

Answer 3

A microorganism that causes disease

Question 4

4 types of pathogens

Answer 4

bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists

Question 5

What is a non-communicable disease?

Answer 5

A disease that is caused by a pathogen which CANNOT be transmitted from person to person

Question 6

Examples of non-communicable diseases

Answer 6

Asthma, cancer, coronary heart disease, diabetes

Question 7

Things that can affect health

Answer 7

Diet, stress, gender, ethnicity etc.

Question 8

What are bacteria?

Answer 8

• Single-celled living organisms, smaller than animals and plant cells
• Split in two and produce toxins (poisons) which affect your body
• Some are harmless and really useful to use, we can use them to make food like yoghurt and cheese

Question 9

What is a virus?

Answer 9

• Very, very small and have a regular shape
• Take over the cells of your body to reproduce, causing damage and destroying cells
• Can cause disease in a range of organisms, from people to bacteria

Question 10

Similarities between bacteria and viruses

Answer 10

• Can reproduce rapidly once inside the body
• Cause symptoms like high temperature, headaches and rashes

Question 11

How do diseases spread?

Answer 11

• Through the air: droplets in the air (sneezes).
• Contaminated foods and drinks
• Direct contact: shaking hands, kissing, touching open wounds

Question 12

Natural barriers of the body against diseases

Answer 12

• Tears contain chemicals to destroy micro-organisms (chemical barrier)
• Skin secretes chemicals to kill any surface micro-organisms (physical barrier)
• Stomach contains acid to destroy ingested pathogens (chemical barrier)

Question 13

3 methods of defence used by white blood cells

Answer 13

1. Ingest the pathogen (phagocytosis)
2. Produce antibodies
3. Produce antitoxins

Question 14

How to prevent spread of communicable diseases

Answer 14

Good personal hygiene, Separating raw meat, use disinfectant

Question 15

What is a vector?

Answer 15

Any living organism that can carry a disease-producing virus

Question 16

What is the vector of malaria?

Answer 16

mosquito

Question 17

How does vaccination work? (3 points)

Answer 17

• Dead or weakened form of a pathogen is injected into the body
• The immune system recognises the antigen of the pathogen and releases antibodies to fight it. It also remembers the antibody used to destroy the pathogen so it is prepared if the original form enters the body
• Vaccines protect a large number of people creating herd immunity against an infection in an area

Question 18

MMR vaccine - MMR stands for?

Answer 18

measles, mumps, rubella

Question 19

Advantages of vaccinations

Answer 19

• Helped to control many common communicable diseases
• Epidemics can be prevented if a large percentage of a population is vaccinated

Question 20

Disadvantages of vaccinations

Answer 20

• They are not always effective in providing immunity.
• Bad reactions (such as fevers) can occur in response to vaccines (although very rare).

Question 21

Which pathogen causes malaria?

Answer 21

protist

Question 22

Examples of non-communicable diseases

Answer 22

Asthma, cancer, coronary heart disease, diabetes

Question 23

Risk factor

Answer 23

Something that increases your chance of

getting a disease.

Question 24

Incidence

Answer 24

The number of people diagnosed with a

particular disease in a particular population of people at a

particular time.

Question 25

Prevalence

Answer 25

The number of people who have a particular

condition, regardless of whether they were just diagnosed,

or even whether they’ve been diagnosed at all.

Question 26

Mortality

Answer 26

The number of deaths per unit of population from a specific disease