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Combined Science - Biology - Higher > B3 > Flashcards

B3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an organelle?

A

A sub-cellular structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

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2
Q

Examples of organelles

A

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Cell membrane, Cell Wall, Ribosomes, Vacuole, Chloroplasts

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3
Q

What is a cell?

A

The basic unit of all living things

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4
Q

Example of cells

A

blood cells, nerve cells, sperm cells, root hair cells etc.

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5
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A group of cells that act together to perform a specific function.

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6
Q

example of tissues

A

Muscle tissue, Glandular tissue, Epithelial tissue

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7
Q

What is an organ?

A

A group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function.

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8
Q

Example of organs

A

heart, lungs, brain, stomach etc.

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9
Q

What is an organ system?

A

A group of organs working together to perform a particular function

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10
Q

example of organ system

A

digestive system, nervous system, circulatory system, skeletal system, reproductive system etc.

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11
Q

What is an organism?

A

A living thing

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12
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance which increases the speed of a reaction, without being changed or used up in the reaction

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13
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions

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14
Q

What are enzymes made of?

A

Proteins which are synthesised in the ribosomes

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15
Q

4 types of enzymes?

A

Protease, Amylase, Lipase, Carbohydrase

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16
Q

Which part of the enzyme does the substrate bind to?

A

Active site; also where the reaction occurs

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17
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

sugars and starches

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18
Q

What are carbohydrates used for?

A

Provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many basic foods.

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19
Q

What is starch broken down into?

A

glucose and maltose

20
Q

What enzyme breaks down starch?

A

amylase

21
Q

What are lipids?

A

fats and oils

22
Q

What are lipids used for?

A

long term energy storage

23
Q

What are lipids broken down into?

A

fatty acids and glycerol

24
Q

What enzyme breaks down lipids?

A

lipase

25
Q

What are proteins?

A

polymers of amino acids

26
Q

What are proteins used for?

A

growth and repair

27
Q

What are proteins broken down into?

A

long chains of amino acids

28
Q

What enzyme breaks down proteins?

A

protease

29
Q

Where is amylase produced?

A

Salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine

30
Q

Where is protease produced?

A

Stomach, pancreas, small intestine

31
Q

Where is lipase produced?

A

Pancreas and small intestine

32
Q

Test for starch

A

Iodine solution

-Positive: Blue-black

-Negative: Orange-yellow

33
Q

Test for sugars (glucose)

A

Benedict’s solution + heat

-Positive: Orange-red

-Negative: No change (blue)

34
Q

Test for protein

A

Biuret solution

  • Positive: Purple
  • Negative: No change (blue)
35
Q

Test for fats/oils (lipids)

A

Ethanol and Water (emulsion)

  • Positive: Cloudy White layer
  • Negative: No cloudy white layer
36
Q

Factors affecting enzyme activity

A

Temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration

37
Q

Name given to the shape of the active site when it has changed and the substrate can no longer bind

A

Denatured

38
Q

Optimum temperature for enzymes

A

37˚C body temp

39
Q

Where is hydrochloric acid produced?

A

Stomach

40
Q

Where is bile produced and stored?

A

In the liver and stored in the gall bladder

41
Q

function of hydrochloric acid

A

helps break down food

42
Q

function of bile

A

emulsify (break down) fats

43
Q

where is bile released?

A

small intestine

44
Q

pH of stomach

A

Acidic

45
Q

pH of small intestine

A

Alkaline

Combined Science - Biology - Higher (6 decks)

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