B4.051 Effects of Psych Conditions on Resp Function

Question 1

clinical features of depression

Answer 1

persistent sad or irritable mood
loss of interest in activities
change in appetite or weight
difficulty sleeping or oversleeping
psychomotor agitation or retardation
loss of energy
feeling of worthlessness or guilt
difficulty concentrating
thoughts of death or suicide

Question 2

normal anxiety

Answer 2

adaptive
inborn response to threat or absence of safety
can result in worry and physical changes

Question 3

physical changes associated with normal anxiety

Answer 3

racing heart, sweating, shaking, freezing

Question 4

hypothalamus functions

Answer 4

hormone regulation
reduced energy/fatigue
reduced appetite/ weight regulation
sexual drive
contributions to sleep architecture

Question 5

results of hyper secretion of cortisol

Answer 5

failed decrease of cortisol following exogenous steroid

atrophy of hippocampus

Question 6

outline the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis

Answer 6

1. amygdala detects stress and stimulates hypothalamus
2. hypothalamus releases corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF)
3. CRF stimulates pituitary
4. pituitary releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
5. ACTH stimulates adrenal gland on kidney
6. adrenal gland releases glucocorticoids (cortisol, epi, NE)

Question 7

short term benefit of cortisol

Answer 7

increased energy and alertness

Question 8

effects of chronic cortisol

Answer 8

impaired cognitive performance
suppressed thyroid function
blood sugar imbalances
decreased bone density
decrease in muscle tissue
high BP
lowered immunity and inflammatory responses
increased abdominal fat
-increased risk for heart attack, stroke, and higher HDL cholesterol

Question 9

which systems does chronic stress make less efficient?

Answer 9

limbic system

frontal lobe

Question 10

function of limbic system

Answer 10

hippocampus: memory formation, retrieval

anterior cingulate: internal emotional regulation

Question 11

function of frontal lobe

Answer 11

short term memory
problem solving
executive functioning, decision making
automatic and controlled emotional regulation

Question 12

site of strongest cortisol binding

Answer 12

hippocampus

Question 13

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 13

after the onset of a stressor:
compensation
resistance
decompensation