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RC Test 2 > B4.033 Respiratory System > Flashcards

B4.033 Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

main function of the respiratory system

A

provide a system for absorption of atmospheric oxygen into the blood vascular supply and excretion of CO2 into the atmosphere

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2
Q

other functions of respiratory system

A

facilitates sense of smell (olfaction), speech, acid base balance, and body temperature control

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3
Q

discuss the composition of olfactory epithelium

A

basal cells are mitotically active and produce neuronal cells throughout life
apical region of neuronal cells faces mucosal surface and contain modified cilia
an axonal projection extends from the basal region of the neuronal cell and contacts neurons of the olfactory bulb of the brain

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4
Q

what is the function of olfactory glands

A

secrete serous fluid containing odorant binding protein (OBP) which binds to odorant molecules on surface of modified cilia
secretions also contain lysozyme and secretory IGA

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5
Q

what are the 2 functional components of the respiratory system

A
  1. conduction system

2. respiration system

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6
Q

conduction system

A

transports inspired and expired gases into and out of the lungs (nasal and oral cavities to terminal bronchioles)

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7
Q

respiration system

A

interface for passive exchange of gases with blood (pulmonary acini consisting of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli)

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8
Q

discuss the cross section of the trachea

A

posterior side is flattened
outermost layer is hyaline cartilage with open ends pointing to the esophagus
submucosa under the cartilage with seromucous glands
lamina propria
basal lamina
epithelium (pseudostratified ciliated)

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9
Q

what is between rings of cartilage

A

fibroelastic tissue

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10
Q

what is the lamina propria made up of?

A

loose vascular supporting tissue

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11
Q

what types of cells are present in the respiratory epithelium

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium with :
ciliated
goblet
basal

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12
Q

what is the function of globlet cells?

A

mucous production

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13
Q

where does mucous secretion take place?

A

conduction portion of respiratory system but not the respiratory portion

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14
Q

discuss the composition of bronchi vs. bronchioles

A

bronchi have an outer layer of cartilage plates with smooth muscle between the plates (provide structural support to keep airway open)
bronchioles are made up of smooth muscle walls

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15
Q

what are cartilage plates made of?

A

hyaline cartilage

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16
Q

what two components of airways are responsible for mucous production?

A

goblet cells + submucosa

17
Q

what is the mucociliary escalator?

A

the airway surface is covered with a thin layer of mucous
mucous protects the lung through mucociliary clearance of dust and other small particulates
mucous is comprised of water, ions, and various macromolecules (some of which possess protective function such as anti-microbial, anti-protease, and anti-oxidant activities)

18
Q

why aren’t there mucous secreting cells in the terminal bronchioles

A

mucous would impede gas exchange

19
Q

what are club cells

A

take place of goblet cells
occur alongside ciliated cells
produce surfactant coating

20
Q

what is the function of the surfactant produced by club cells

A

increase pulmonary compliance
prevent atelactis
prevent fluid accumulation and keep airways dry
opsonize pathogens

21
Q

contents of club cells

A

cytoplasmic dense secretory granules, mitochondria, and numerous vesicles representing a SER network

22
Q

what is IRDS?

A

infant respiratory distress syndrome
caused by lack of surfactant
suffered by premature babies born before 28-32 weeks of gestation

23
Q

pneumocyte type 1 cells

A

alveolar epithelial cell
thin, flat, single nucleus
makes up the largest surface area of the cells lining the air space

24
Q

pneumocyte type 2 cells

A

taller than type 1

contain intracellular granules and secrete surfactant

25
Q

alveolar macrophage

A

phagocytic cells

degrade old surfactant and other particulate matter than makes it to the alveolar level

26
Q

capillary endothelial cells

A

thin, single nucleus

line blood vessels

RC Test 2 (17 decks)

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