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Biology > B4 - The Processes of Life > Flashcards

B4 - The Processes of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the equation of photosynthesis? Word and balanced symbol

A

Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2

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2
Q

What is chlorophyll and what does it do?

A

Chlorophyll is a green chemical which is found in the chloroplasts and allows plants to absorb energy from sunlight

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3
Q

Name the 6 uses of Glucose made from photosynthesis:

A
  • cellulose for cell walls
  • proteins for growth
  • used to make chlorophyll
  • respired to give energy
  • oil for energy storage
  • starch for energy storage
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4
Q

Name four parts of the inside of a leaf (think of the section through a leaf diagram)

A

Epidermis, waxy cuticle, palicate cells, chloroplasts

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5
Q

What are the three limiting factors of the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Light intensity, CO2 concentration and temperature

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6
Q

Name as many parts of a plant cell as possible: (7)

A

Cell membrane, nucleus, cell wall, mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuole, cytoplasm

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7
Q

Name the parts of an animal cell: (4)

A

Nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, cytoplasm

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8
Q

Flagellum

A

Almost “tail”-like structure that propels the cell

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9
Q

What does the Nucleus do?

A

Contains DNA, stores the genetic code to make enzymes and proteins

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10
Q

What does the Cell Wall do?

A

Supports and protects cell; lets water and other chemicals pass through

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11
Q

What does the Cell Membrane do?

A

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

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12
Q

Mitochondria

A

The site of respiration; contain the enzymes that release energy from glucose

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13
Q

What does the Chloroplast do?

A

The site of photosynthesis

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14
Q

Ribosomes

A

The site of protein synthesis

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15
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribosenucleic acid; codes for characteristics and co-ordinates cells

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16
Q

Where is DNA in Bacteria?

A

In the cytoplasm

17
Q

Where is respiration in Bacteria

A

The cell membrane

18
Q

Diffusion

A

The passive movement of chemicals from an area of high concentration to low

19
Q

Osmosis

A

A special type of diffusion involving water

20
Q

Dilute

A

High water concentration

21
Q

Concentrated

A

Low water concentration

22
Q

The rate of diffusion depends on what three things?

A
  • Temperature
  • Any walls/ barriers
  • The different concentrations in each area
23
Q

What is the equation of protein synthesis?

A

Glucose + nitrate -> Amino acids

24
Q

Active transport

A

A process by which chemicals are taken into a cell from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using energy from respiration

25
Q

Enzymes

A

Chemicals that speed up or catalyse chemical reactions

26
Q

What does it mean if an enzyme is denatured?

A

When the pH changes or the temperature rises or falls drastically, the active site of the enzyme is altered, at a certain point, the point of denature, the active site is permanently damaged

27
Q

What are the four steps of Enzyme reactions?

A
  1. Substrate molecules move towards the enzyme’s active site
  2. Substrate molecule fits in active site in enzyme
  3. Reaction occurs and products made, the enzyme speeds up this reaction
  4. Product molecules do not fit in enzymes as well and are released. The enzyme can then be used again with new substrate molecules
28
Q

Respiration

A

A series of chemical reactions in cells that release energy by breaking down large food molecules

29
Q

What is the equation of aerobic respiration? Word and balanced symbols

A

Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + Water

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

30
Q

What are the three uses of the energy made by photosynthesis?

A

Growth, Repair and Movement

31
Q

What are three examples of when anaerobic occurs?

A

Human cells during vigorous exercise, Plant roots in waterlogged soil, Bacteria in deep puncture wounds

32
Q

What is the word equation of anaerobic respiration?

A

Glucose -> Lactic acid + Energy + Carbon dioxide

33
Q

Explain the idea of oxygen debt:

A

After anaerobic respiration you are in oxygen debt and must breathe heavily to flood you system with oxygen and remove the lactic acid

34
Q

Fermentation

A

A type of anaerobic respiration used by some microorganisms

35
Q

What is the equation of fermentation?

A

Glucose -> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide + Energy

36
Q

What are two food items made by the process of fermentation?

A

Alcohol (Beer) and Bread

37
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process by which green plants and some bacteria make their own food using CO2 and H2O

Biology (6 decks)

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