B4 -Organising Animals & Plants

Question 1

What is blood mostly made of?

Answer 1

Plasma (55%)

Question 2

What does plasma do in blood?

Answer 2

It transports all blood cells and other substances around your body

Question 3

Where is does waste carbon from the cells go?

Answer 3

To the lungs

Question 4

What is the most common blood cell in the body

Answer 4

Red blood cell (5 million in every square mm of blood)

Question 5

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 5

They carry oxygen (from the lungs) around the body to cells that need it

Question 6

Why are red blood cells biconcave discs (pushed in on the sides)?

Answer 6

To increase surface area for diffusion as it increases surface area to volume ratio.

Question 7

Why are red blood cells packed with haemoglobin?

Answer 7

So they can bind to oxygen.

Question 8

Why do they not have a nucleus?

Answer 8

To make more space for haemoglobin.

Question 9

What are white blood cells?

Answer 9

Bigger than red blood cells and fewer as well. But do not carry oxygen, in fact, fight harmful micro organisms and defend the body.

Question 10

How do lymphocytes fight harmful micro organisms?

Answer 10

This type of white blood cell forms antibodies to kill harmful micro organisms.

Question 11

How do others (not phagocytes or lymphocytes) fight harmful micro organisms?

Answer 11

Form antitoxins to fight poisons from micro organisms

Question 12

How do phagocytes fight micro organisms?

Answer 12

Engulf and digest invading pathogens and harmful micro organisms

Question 13

What do platelets do?

Answer 13

They form blood clots at the site of a wound. This helps stop bleeding which stops you bleeding to death.

Question 14

What are the three blood vessels?

Answer 14

1. Arteries
2. Veins
3. Capillaries

Question 15

Where do arteries go from?

Answer 15

Heart to organs

Question 16

Describe the arteries walls?

Answer 16

Arteries have a small lumen and have thick walls which are made of muscle and elastic fibres.

Question 17

What happens to arteries every time the heart beats? What could happen if cut?

Answer 17

Arteries expand when blood squeezes through, this happens every heart beat.

If an artery is cut, blood will spurt out uncontrollably every time the heart beats.

Question 18

Where do the veins go?

Answer 18

Carry blood away from the organs towards the heart

Question 19

Describe the veins walls?

Answer 19

They have thinner walls and a large lumen compared to capillaries and have skeletal muscles to stop back flow in the blood.

Question 20

What do capillaries do?

Answer 20

Connect the arteries and veins through a network of tiny vessels.

Question 21

Describe the capillaries walls?

Answer 21

Walls one cell wide and a lumen which is very narrow. This helps diffusion.

Question 22

How are our vessels arranged?

Answer 22

In a double circulatory system. This means some vessels carry blood from the heart to the lungs and back and others carry blood from the heart, again, to the other organs and back again.

Question 23

All Heart Notes are in Good Notes

Answer 23

Go Onto Good Notes for Notes on the Heart

Question 24

How are lungs adapted to make gas exchange more efficient?

Answer 24

Lungs are made of clusters of alveoli that create a large surface area which increases the rate of diffusion. Capillaries in the alveoli keep a concentration gradient.

Question 25

How does the immune system respond to pathogens

Answer 25

• Reproduce rapidly

* Reproduce anti-toxins rapidly

Question 26

What is Plasma?

Answer 26

Transports all blood cells and other substances around the body

Question 27

What is in plasma?

Answer 27

• Waste carbon dioxide
• Urea formed in the liver
•