B4 - Organising Animals And Plants Flashcards
What are the main components of blood?
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
What is plasma?
Transports all the substances around the body
Waste CO2 is carried to the lungs
Urea is moved from your liver to your kidneys
Substances from the small intestine are transported to cells
What are red blood cells?
Biconcave for larger surface area
Haemoglobin binds oxygen
No nucleus makes haemoglobin
What are white blood cells?
White blood cells are protection from microorganisms
Lymphocytes are fighting microorganisms
Phagocytes engulf invading bacteria
What are platelets?
They help clot at the wound to form scabs
What do arteries do?
Carry blood from the heart to the organs
What do veins do?
They carry blood from the organs back to the heart
What do capillaries do?
They connect veins and arteries. They allow oxygen and glucose to diffuse to the cells
What are the characteristics of arteries?
Thick wall, small lumen and thick layer of muscles and elastic fibre
What are the characteristics of veins?
Relatively thin walls, large lumen and often have valves
What are the characteristics of capillaries?
Walls a single cell thick, tiny vessel with narrow lumen
What type of circulation does the body use?
Double circulation
What are the main parts of the heart?
Left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle, valves, aorta, pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery and the vena cava
What do the ventricles do?
The left ventricle pumps blood out of the aorta. The right ventricle pumps blood out of the pulmonary artery
What is a stent?
It props open the coronary artery to stop blockage
What are statins?
They help lower cholesterol and fatty deposits in the coronary artery
How can you replace valves?
With mechanical ones or biological ones
What are artificial pacemakers?
20-50g implants that regulate the heartbeat by sending electrical pulses to the heart
What are artificial hearts?
They let diseased hearts rest and can be temporary whilst waiting for a transplant.
What are the main part of the gas exchange?
Nose, mouth, trachea, bronchi, diaphragm, intercostal muscles, ribs, lungs, heart, bronchioles, alveoli
How does the gas exchange work?
- Breathe in
- Air goes down the trachea, down the bronchi and into the alveoli
- The oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream and the carbon dioxide diffuses back into the alveoli
- The air then is exhaled and the process starts again
