B4 - Organising Animals And Plants

Question 1

What are the main components of blood?

Answer 1

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

Question 2

What is plasma?

Answer 2

Transports all the substances around the body
Waste CO2 is carried to the lungs
Urea is moved from your liver to your kidneys
Substances from the small intestine are transported to cells

Question 3

What are red blood cells?

Answer 3

Biconcave for larger surface area
Haemoglobin binds oxygen
No nucleus makes haemoglobin

Question 4

What are white blood cells?

Answer 4

White blood cells are protection from microorganisms
Lymphocytes are fighting microorganisms
Phagocytes engulf invading bacteria

Question 5

What are platelets?

Answer 5

They help clot at the wound to form scabs

Question 6

What do arteries do?

Answer 6

Carry blood from the heart to the organs

Question 7

What do veins do?

Answer 7

They carry blood from the organs back to the heart

Question 8

What do capillaries do?

Answer 8

They connect veins and arteries. They allow oxygen and glucose to diffuse to the cells

Question 9

What are the characteristics of arteries?

Answer 9

Thick wall, small lumen and thick layer of muscles and elastic fibre

Question 10

What are the characteristics of veins?

Answer 10

Relatively thin walls, large lumen and often have valves

Question 11

What are the characteristics of capillaries?

Answer 11

Walls a single cell thick, tiny vessel with narrow lumen

Question 12

What type of circulation does the body use?

Answer 12

Double circulation

Question 13

What are the main parts of the heart?

Answer 13

Left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle, valves, aorta, pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery and the vena cava

Question 14

What do the ventricles do?

Answer 14

The left ventricle pumps blood out of the aorta. The right ventricle pumps blood out of the pulmonary artery

Question 15

What is a stent?

Answer 15

It props open the coronary artery to stop blockage

Question 16

What are statins?

Answer 16

They help lower cholesterol and fatty deposits in the coronary artery

Question 17

How can you replace valves?

Answer 17

With mechanical ones or biological ones

Question 18

What are artificial pacemakers?

Answer 18

20-50g implants that regulate the heartbeat by sending electrical pulses to the heart

Question 19

What are artificial hearts?

Answer 19

They let diseased hearts rest and can be temporary whilst waiting for a transplant.

Question 20

What are the main part of the gas exchange?

Answer 20

Nose, mouth, trachea, bronchi, diaphragm, intercostal muscles, ribs, lungs, heart, bronchioles, alveoli

Question 21

How does the gas exchange work?

Answer 21

1. Breathe in
2. Air goes down the trachea, down the bronchi and into the alveoli
3. The oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream and the carbon dioxide diffuses back into the alveoli
4. The air then is exhaled and the process starts again