B4 Organic Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

What does the furthest right peak on a mass spectrometer show

A

Total molecular mass

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2
Q

What to look for on a mass spectrometer

A
  • Peak furtherst right
  • Frangmentation peaks with high relative intensisites
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3
Q

What do fragmentation peaks with high relative intensisites show on a mass spectrometer

A

Common fragments

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4
Q

How to explain mass spectrometry fragmentation

A
  • Molecular ion of X shows total molecular mass
  • M/Z of 29 suggests Ch3Ch2+
  • Include all peaks with high relative intensities
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5
Q

What must be included on all mass spectrometry annotations

A

A positive charge

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6
Q

What does infrared do to covalent bonds

A

Causes them to vibrate more and absorb more energy

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7
Q

What is the issue with methane

A

Causes and contributes to global warming

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8
Q

What in infrared spectroscopy used in

A
  • Monitor gases causing air pollution
  • Breathelysers to measure ethanol in the breath
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9
Q

What must you always ignore in infrared anaysis

A

The fingerprint reigon to the right

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10
Q

What to always look out for in infrared analysis

A
  • C=O (aldehyde or ketone)
  • O-H (alcohol)
  • C=O and Broad O-H (carboxylic acid)
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11
Q

When explaining in infrared, what must always be included with each point

A
  • Peak range and where peak is present
  • Type of bond
  • Functional group
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12
Q

What type of functional group and bond is shown of this infrared

A
  • C=O
  • Aldehyde or ketone
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13
Q

What type of functional group and bond is shown of this infrared

A
  • C=O
  • C-O (BROAD)
  • Carboxylic Acid
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14
Q

What type of functional group and bond is shown of this infrared

A
  • O-H (Not broad)
  • Alcohol
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15
Q

On C-13 NMR, what does the number of peaks tell you

A

The number of carbon environments

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16
Q

On a C-13 NMR, what does the ppm shift indicate

A

What atom each carbon in each enviroment is bonded to

17
Q

On a C-13 NMR, what are all ppm shifts relative to

A

The TMS peak

18
Q

On a Proton-NMR, what do the number of peaks on the spectrum tell you

A

The number of proton enviroments

19
Q

On a Proton-NMR, what does the ppm shift indicate

A

To what atom, each proton in the environment is bonded to

20
Q

On a Proton-NMR, what does the length of the peak indicate

A

How many protons are part of that environment (done as a ratio)

21
Q

On a Proton-NMR, what does the splitting pattern indicate

A

How many hydrogens are on the neighbouring carbon atom

22
Q

On a Proton-NMR, what rule is used to determine splitting patterns

23
Q

Splitting Pattern: 1 peak

24
Q

Splitting Pattern: 2 peak

25
Splitting Pattern: 3 peak
Triplet
26
Splitting Pattern: 4 peak
Quartet
27
On a Proton-NMR, what does a large splitting pattern indicate
Methyl groups
28
Why are deuterated solvents used in NMR spectras
They don't have hydrogen in, so don't show up on the spectrum
29
What region of the electromagnetic spectrum is used on in Proton-NMR
Radiowaves
30
What is D2O added to Proton-NMR spectras sometimes, and why
* O-H and N-H peaks can appear anywhere * D2O removes these peaks
31
What solvent is most commonly used in NMR
CDCl3
32
Proton NMR: What does symmetry in environments at c7-8ppm suggest
Benzene ring
33
Proton NMR: What does a singlet with 3H in the enviroment suggest
Methyl group (-CH3)
34
Proton NMR: What does a environment with 2H in by itself suggest
-CH2
35
Before fully developing an NMR response, what must always be stated first
The number of environments that there are
36
After the whole number of environments have been given, what information must be given about each environment for a thorough explaination
* Splitting patter - so how many H on adjacent C atoms * Peak area - so how many H in that enviroment * PPM of peak - due to which bond present