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A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY > B4 Organic Analysis > Flashcards

B4 Organic Analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the furthest right peak on a mass spectrometer show

A

Total molecular mass

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2
Q

What to look for on a mass spectrometer

A
  • Peak furtherst right
  • Frangmentation peaks with high relative intensisites
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3
Q

What do fragmentation peaks with high relative intensisites show on a mass spectrometer

A

Common fragments

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4
Q

How to explain mass spectrometry fragmentation

A
  • Molecular ion of X shows total molecular mass
  • M/Z of 29 suggests Ch3Ch2+
  • Include all peaks with high relative intensities
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5
Q

What must be included on all mass spectrometry annotations

A

A positive charge

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6
Q

What does infrared do to covalent bonds

A

Causes them to vibrate more and absorb more energy

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7
Q

What is the issue with methane

A

Causes and contributes to global warming

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8
Q

What in infrared spectroscopy used in

A
  • Monitor gases causing air pollution
  • Breathelysers to measure ethanol in the breath
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9
Q

What must you always ignore in infrared anaysis

A

The fingerprint reigon to the right

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10
Q

What to always look out for in infrared analysis

A
  • C=O (aldehyde or ketone)
  • O-H (alcohol)
  • C=O and Broad O-H (carboxylic acid)
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11
Q

When explaining in infrared, what must always be included with each point

A
  • Peak range and where peak is present
  • Type of bond
  • Functional group
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12
Q

What type of functional group and bond is shown of this infrared

A
  • C=O
  • Aldehyde or ketone
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13
Q

What type of functional group and bond is shown of this infrared

A
  • C=O
  • C-O (BROAD)
  • Carboxylic Acid
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14
Q

What type of functional group and bond is shown of this infrared

A
  • O-H (Not broad)
  • Alcohol
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15
Q

On C-13 NMR, what does the number of peaks tell you

A

The number of carbon environments

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16
Q

On a C-13 NMR, what does the ppm shift indicate

A

What atom each carbon in each enviroment is bonded to

17
Q

On a C-13 NMR, what are all ppm shifts relative to

A

The TMS peak

18
Q

On a Proton-NMR, what do the number of peaks on the spectrum tell you

A

The number of proton enviroments

19
Q

On a Proton-NMR, what does the ppm shift indicate

A

To what atom, each proton in the environment is bonded to

20
Q

On a Proton-NMR, what does the length of the peak indicate

A

How many protons are part of that environment (done as a ratio)

21
Q

On a Proton-NMR, what does the splitting pattern indicate

A

How many hydrogens are on the neighbouring carbon atom

22
Q

On a Proton-NMR, what rule is used to determine splitting patterns

A

n+1 rule

23
Q

Splitting Pattern: 1 peak

A

Singlet

24
Q

Splitting Pattern: 2 peak

A

Doublet

25
Q

Splitting Pattern: 3 peak

A

Triplet

26
Q

Splitting Pattern: 4 peak

A

Quartet

27
Q

On a Proton-NMR, what does a large splitting pattern indicate

A

Methyl groups

28
Q

Why are deuterated solvents used in NMR spectras

A

They don’t have hydrogen in, so don’t show up on the spectrum

29
Q

What region of the electromagnetic spectrum is used on in Proton-NMR

A

Radiowaves

30
Q

What is D2O added to Proton-NMR spectras sometimes, and why

A
  • O-H and N-H peaks can appear anywhere
  • D2O removes these peaks
31
Q

What solvent is most commonly used in NMR

A

CDCl3

32
Q

Proton NMR: What does symmetry in environments at c7-8ppm suggest

A

Benzene ring

33
Q

Proton NMR: What does a singlet with 3H in the enviroment suggest

A

Methyl group (-CH3)

34
Q

Proton NMR: What does a environment with 2H in by itself suggest

A

-CH2

35
Q

Before fully developing an NMR response, what must always be stated first

A

The number of environments that there are

36
Q

After the whole number of environments have been given, what information must be given about each environment for a thorough explaination

A
  • Splitting patter - so how many H on adjacent C atoms
  • Peak area - so how many H in that enviroment
  • PPM of peak - due to which bond present

A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY (11 decks)

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