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A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY > A9 Transition Metals > Flashcards

A9 Transition Metals Flashcards

1
Q

Define transition element

A

d-block elements that have an ion with an incomplete d-sub-shell

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2
Q

Describe and explain why are Sc and Zn are not transition metals

A

Their stable ions of Sc3+ and Zn2+. don’t have incomplete d-sub-shells

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3
Q

What are the two d-block meatals that arene’t actually transition elements

A

Sc and Zn

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4
Q

What are the three propereties of all transition elements

A
  • Can have more than one oxidation state for each element in it’s compounds
  • Form coloured ions
  • Have catalystic properties (e.g MnO2 catalyses decomposition of hydrogen peroxide)
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5
Q

Example of transition metal catalysing reaction

A

MnO2 catalyses decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 –? H2O + 1/2 O2)

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6
Q

Define ligand

A

Forms one coordinate bond with a metal ion, as it donates one pair of electrons

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7
Q

Define bidenate ligand

A

Forms two coordinate bonds with a metal ions, as it donates two pairs of electrons

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8
Q

Define complex ion

A

A metal ion bonded to ligands that surround it

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9
Q

Define ligand substitution

A

Replacement of one ligand with another ligand

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10
Q

Define cooridnation number

A

Number of coordinate bonds to a metal ion

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11
Q

Examples of monodentate ligands

A

H2O , Cl- , NH3

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12
Q

Example of bidentate ligands

A

NH2CH2CH2NH2

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13
Q

What complex ions have six-fold cooridnation with octahedral shape

A

Hexaaqua complexes

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14
Q

Coordination and shape of hexaaqua complexes

A

Six-fold cooridination with octahedral shape

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15
Q

What comples ions have four-fold coorindaiton with a teterahedral shape

A

Tetrachloro complexes

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16
Q

What cooridnation and shape of tetrachloro complexes

A

Four-fold coordination and tetrahedral shape

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17
Q

What complex ions have four-fold cooridnation with planar shape

A

Platin: Pt(NH3)2Cl2

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18
Q

What is the cooridination and shape of platin

A

Four-fold, with planar shape

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19
Q

How to tell cis-isomer of complex ion

A

Same molecule next to each other

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20
Q

How to tell trans-isomer from complex ion

A

Same molecule is not next to each other

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21
Q

Diagram of cis complex ion

A
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22
Q

Diagram of trans complex ion

A
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23
Q

How is cis-platin an anti-cancer drug

A

Binds to DNA, preventing cell division

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24
Q

Diagram of cis-platin

A
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25
Diagram of trans-platin
26
Diagram to show how you can have optical isomerism of complex ions
27
What reaction is haemoglobin binding with carbon monoxide from oxygen
Ligand substitution
28
Describe and explain the process of oxygen binding to haemoglobin and what can substitute it
* oxygen lone pair of electrons from coordinate bond with Fe2+ in haemoglobin * oxygen binds reversible with fe2+ in hameoglobin * oxygen ligans can be subsituted by carbon monoxide ligands
29
Is an oxygen ligands coordinate bond with haemoglobin reversible or irreversible
Reversible
30
Equation to show ligand substitution involving chloride ions
31
Observation of cu2+ hexaaqua ion
Pale Blue solution
32
Observation of CuCl4 2-
Yellow solution
33
Equation to show partial ligand substitution involving ammonia
34
Observation of Cu2+ hexaaqua ion
Pale Blue solution
35
Observation of
Dark blue solution
36
What ligands are substituted when Cu2+ hexaaqua ion reacs with ammonia
4H2O for 4NH3
37
Equation to show full ligand substitution involving ammonia
38
Observation of Cr3+ hexaaqua ion
Dark green solution
39
Observation of Cr(NH3)6 3+
Purple solution
40
How to carry out a transition metal precipitation reaction
Add NaOH (aq) dropwise
41
How to know how many OH- ions required for precipitation reaction
Charge of metal ion - precipitations are neutral
42
General equation to show precipitation reaction of metal ion
43
Observation of heaxaaqua ion: Cu2+
Pale blue solution
44
Observation of heaxaaqua ion: Fe2+
Pale Green
45
Observation of heaxaaqua ion: Fe2+
Yellow
46
Observation of heaxaaqua ion: Mn2+
Pale Pink
47
Observation of heaxaaqua ion: Cr3+
Dark Green
48
Observation of precipitate: Cu(OH)2
Pale Blue solid
49
Observation of precipitate: Fe(OH)2
Dark Green solid
50
Observation of precipitate: Fe(OH)3
Orange-Brown solid
51
Observation of precipitate: Mn(OH)2
Pale Brown solid
52
Observation of precipitate: Cr(OH)3
Dark Green solid
53
What hexxaqua ion reacts with excess NaOH
Cr3+
54
Observation of Cr3+ reacting with excess NaOH
Dark green solution to dark green solution
55
Formula of product of Cr3+ reacting with excess NaOH
[Cr(OH)6] 3-
56
What hexaaqua ions react with excess NH3
Cr3+ and Cu2+
57
Observation of Cr3+ reacting with excess NH3
[Cr(NH3)6] 3+
58
How does preciptiations reactions with NaOH and NH3 affect charge of complex ion
OH reduces charge, NH3 has no affect
59
Observation when reacting Cr3+ with excess NH3
Dark green solution to purple solution
60
Observation of Cu2+ reacting with excess NH3
[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2] 2+
61
Observation of [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2] 2+
Dark blue solution
62
How to reduce Fe2+ to Fe3+
I-
63
Colour change for reduction of Fe2+ to Fe3+
Pale green to yellow
64
How to oxidise Fe3+ to Fe2+
H+ / MnO4-
65
Colour change for oxidation of Fe3+ to Fe2+
Yellow to pale green
66
How to reduce Cr2+ to Cr2O72-
H+ / Zn
67
Colour change for reduction of Cr 2+ to Cr2O7 2-
Dark green to orange
68
Colour change for oxidation of Cr2O7 2- to Cr3+
Orange to dark green
69
How to oxidise Cr2O7 2- to Cr3+
H2O2 / OH-
70
How to reduce Cu2+ to Cu+
I- (using 4I- and 2Cu2+)
71
Colour of Cu(s)
Brown
72
Equation for reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+
73
74
How to test for halide ions and result
* Add HNO3 * Add AgNO3 * Add ammonia * Chloride ppt dissolved in dilute ammonia * Bromide ppt dissolved in concentrated ammonia * Iodide ppt insoluble in concentrated ammonia
75
Equation for halide ion test
76
How to test for carbonate ions, and result
* Add HCl * Bubble gas through limewater * Limewater turns cloudy
77
Equation for carbonate ion test
78
How to test for sulfate ions
* Add HCl to remove any carbonates * Add BaCl2 * White ppt will form
79
Equation for sulfate ion test
80
How to test for ammonium ions and result
* Add NaOH * Gently heat * Ammonia gas produced * Turns damp litmus blue
81
Equation for ammonium ion test

A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY (15 decks)

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