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AQA GCSE Biology > B4: Bioenergetics > Flashcards

B4: Bioenergetics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon Dioxide + Water > Glucose + Oxygen

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2
Q

What is the balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O > C6H12O6 + 602

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3
Q

Why is photosynthesis important for the survival of plants?

A

Because it allows plants to produce glucose, which can be broken down in respiration into energy needed for processes such as protein synthesis and cell division.

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4
Q

Why should plants be de-starched before photosynthesis experiments?

A

So you know that any starch present at the end of the experiment has been produced during the experiment.

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5
Q

How do you de-starch a plant?

A

By placing it in the dark for 48 hours.

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6
Q

How do you find out if a leaf contains starch?

A

Using an iodine starch test. (See RPA)

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7
Q

What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis?

A
  • Low temperature.
  • Shortage of CO2.
  • Shortage of light.
  • Shortage of chlorophyll.
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8
Q

What are the 4 ways in which conditions of a greenhouse can be optimised for plant growth?

A

To create the optimum conditions for photosynthesis,
- The temperature can be controlled with heaters (expensive).
- The amount of carbon dioxide can be monitored.
- The amount of light can be controlled using UV lamps.
- The amount of chlorophyll can be increased by using nutrient-rich soil.

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9
Q

What are the benefits of artificially manipulating plant growth?

A

Faster growth and increased yield lead to more profit.

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10
Q

What is the glucose produced in photosynthesis used for?

A
  • Respiration.
  • Converted into starch for storage.
  • To produce cellulose to strengthen cell walls.
  • To produce amino acids for protein synthesis.
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11
Q

What are nitrates used for in plants?

A

To make proteins.

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12
Q

Food tests: what solution is used to test for starch?

A

Iodine Solution.

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13
Q

Food tests: what solution is used to test for protein?

A

Buiret Solution.

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14
Q

Food tests: what solution is used to test for sugars?

A

Benedict’s Solution.

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15
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration in animals?

A

Glucose + Oxygen > Carbon Dioxide + Water.

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16
Q

What is the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration in animals?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O.

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17
Q

Is respiration an endothermic or exothermic reaction?

A

Exothermic. (Releases energy)

18
Q

Is photosynthesis an endothermic or exothermic reaction?

A

Endothermic. (Takes IN light energy)

19
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

Respiration using sufficient oxygen.

20
Q

What 3 things do organisms need the energy from respiration for?

A
  • Chemical reactions.
  • Movement.
  • Keeping warm.
21
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

Respiration using insufficient oxygen.

22
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?

A

Glucose > Lactic Acid.

23
Q

What is the balanced symbol equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?

A

C6H12O6 > 2C3H6O3.

24
Q

What are the products of anaerobic respiration in animals vs plants/yeast?

A

Animals: Lactic Acid.
Plants/Yeast: Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide.

25
Q

What are the consequences of anaerobic respiration?

A

Much less energy is released than aerobic respiration.

26
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants/yeast cells?

A

Glucose > Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide.

27
Q

What is the balanced symbol equation for anaerobic respiration in plants/yeast cells?

A

C6H12O6 > 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

28
Q

What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called?

A

Fermentation.

29
Q

Which industries is fermentation used in?

A

The manufacture of bread and alcoholic drinks.

30
Q

Why is anaerobic respiration of yeast used to make bread and alcoholic drinks?

A
  • The bubbles of carbon dioxide produced make bread rise.
  • The ethanol produced creates alcohols.
31
Q

What happens to heart and breathing rates during exercise?

A

They increase.

32
Q

Why do heart and breathing rates increase during exercise?

A

To supply oxygen to muscle cells faster.

33
Q

What happens when there isn’t enough oxygen in the muscles?

A

They respire anaerobically and produce lactic acid.

34
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

The amount of oxygen needed to oxidise the lactic acid in the body.

35
Q

What happens to breath volume during exercise?

A

It increases.

36
Q

How does the body get rid of lactic acid?

A

Blood transports lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back into glucose.

37
Q

What does lactic acid cause in muscles?

A

Muscle fatigue.

38
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The rate of chemical reactions in the body.

39
Q

Give 3 examples of metabolic reactions in the body.

A

the conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
the formation of lipids
the formation of amino-acids and proteins
respiration
the breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion.

40
Q

Describe the formation of urea.

A

Urea is produced from the breakdown of excess protein/amino acids in the liver.

41
Q

What are glucose and nitrate ions used to do in animals?

A

Create amino acids that are used to make proteins.

AQA GCSE Biology (8 decks)

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