B4 - Bioenergetics Flashcards
word equation of photosynthesis
light
carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen
which type of reaction is photosynthesis
endothermic reaction
where is energy transferred to and from in photosynthesis
the environment to the chlorpolasts by light
how does tempreature affect the rate of photosynthesis
too low - enzymes needed for photosynthesis work slower at a lower temp
too high - the enzymes needed will be damaged
what tempreature is normaly too hot for photosynthesis
45
how does carbon dioxide affect the rate of photosynthesis
more carbon dioxide is faster photosynthesis
how can light affect photosynthesis
as if there isnt enough light, the rate slows down
what things may the glucose made from photosynthesis be used for
respiration
converted into insoluble starch for storage
produce fat or oil for storage
produce cellulose to strenghthen cell wall
produces amino acids for protein synthesis
what type of reaction is cellular respiration
exothermic
when does cellular respiration occur
constantly in living cells
what is repsiration
transferring energy from glucose which goes on in every cell
symbol equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 +6O2 —->6CO2 +6H20
word equation for aerboic respiration
glucose + oxygen —>carbon dioxide + water
word equation for anarobic respiration
glucose —> lactic acid
differences between aerobic and anerobic respiration
aerobic requires oxygen and anaerobic doesnt
aerobic makes carbon dioxide and water anaerboic makes lactic acid
aerobic transfers more energy
what do organisms need energy for
chemical reactions to build larger molecules
movement
keeping warm
why is the amount of energy transferred by anaerobic respiration much less than aerobic
as the oxidation of glucose is incomplete
what is anerboic respiration called in yeast cells
fermentation
word equation for fermentation
glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide
what is fermentation used to make
bread
alchoholic drinks
how does the human body react to the increase in demand for energy during exercise
heart rate, breathing rate, breath volume increase to supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood
what is oxygen debt
the amount of extra oxygen needed after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from cells
what does the liver turn lacitc acid to
glucose
what is metabolism
the sum of all the reactions in a cell or body
give examples of reactions where larger molecules are made from smaller ones
glucose joined to make starch, glycogen and cellulose
lipid made from one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids
glucose and nitrate ions make amino acids
examples of where smaller molecules are made from larger ones
glucose broken down
excess protein broken down to urea
