B.4 Flashcards
What is blood made out of?
55% plasma
<1% white blood cells and platelets
45% red blood cells
What do red blood cells do?
Red blood cells carry the oxygen around the body and that gives the body the resources to carry on working e.g muscles need the oxygen to carry on working.
What is a red blood cell?
It has a biconcave structure so that there is an increase in surface area meaning it can transport oxygen around the body more efficiently, it has no nucleus to make space for the oxygen and they have haemoglobin that will bind the oxygen together.
What is the plasma?
Plasma is the part of the blood that carries around the cells such as the red blood cell and carries all the waste carbon dioxide to the lungs.
What are white blood cells?
They are the cells that take care of any diseases, viruses and any other things that should not be in your body.
What are platelets?
They are small fragments of cells that have no nucleus and help the blood clot at a wound creating a scab which is important so that u don’t get an infection on the wound.
What are arteries?
They are the blood vessel that carry blood away from the heart to the rest of your body and they have thick walls of muscle.
What are veins?
Veins carry blood away from the body back towards the heart. They have thin walls and have valves so that blood cannot backsplash into the flow of blood.
What are capillaries?
They are the smallest of all blood vessels and they have the most thin walls of all three. These connect the veins to the arteries all around the body.
What is the double circulatory system?
This is where one part will send blood to the heart and the other will send blood to the body from the heart. This is key due to it making the circulatory system much more efficient.
What are the parts of the heart?
Aorta Vena cava Pulmonary vein Pulmonary artery L/R ventricle L/R atrium
What does the heart do?
It pumps blood around the body.
What does the ventricles do?
They contract and force blood out of the heart.
Heart problems?
This is caused by fatty waste in the edge of the coronary arteries which could lead up to a build up of fat which causes blood clots in your body that could be life threatening.
Types of blood problem cures.
Stents
Statins
What are stents?
Stents are metal mesh that is placed in the artery that will increase the width of the already narrowed coronary artery.
What are statins?
They are pills that can be prescribed to a patient due to it reducing blood cholesterol levels and that will slow down the process of a blood clot occurring.
What are leaky valves?
This is where the valves become stiff and will not open properly after being used a lot and that decreases the efficiency of the heart.
What are pacemakers?
Pacemakers are devises that are put in people that do not a steady heart rate putting the human in danger due to it going to slow or too fast and not being steady.
What is the gas exchange system?
It is where it will flow vital oxygen around the body and remove the waste carbon dioxide.
What do the ribs do when you breathe in?
They go up and outwards.
What does the diaphragm do when you breathe in?
It flattens to make the chest have a bigger volume.
Name all the parts of the respiratory.
Nose, mouth, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, ribs, lungs, heart, alveoli, diaphragm.
What do alveoli do?
They increase the surface area in the lungs to maximise the amount of air you take in and has a thin layer that can be diffused easily for oxygen to flow through.
What is the epidermal?
The epidermal covers the surface of the plant and protects its.
What is the palisade mesophyll?
Palaside mesophyll is a tissue that contains the most amount of chloroplast.
What is the spongy mesophyll?
Spongy mesophyll tissues main use is to increase the surface area of the plant by having big air spaces.
What are the xylem and phloem?
Xylem carries the water and dissolved minerals around the plant and the phloem carry dissolved food from the leaves around the plant.
What is stomata?
Stomata is the tissue that can control what gases move in and out of the leaf.
Why is transport important to plants survival?
This is due to it getting all the required sugars and waters to every cell in the cell.
What is transpiration?
Transpiration is when the plant gives off water through the leaves into the surrounding areas.
What will happen if stomata are open
This will mean that mire transpiration will occur but then more sunlight will get into the plant meaning more photosynthesis for the plant.
Weather that is bad for plants
Dry air, high temperatures, less sunlight and more.
Why does a plant have waxy leaves?
This is to prevent water from transpiring due to it being water proof.
What is a potometer used for?
It is used to measure the water uptake under the conditions you want.
