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B4 Flashcards

1
Q

How many chromosomes are there in the human body

A

46 pairs and 23 from each parent

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2
Q

What is another name for the human genome

A

Karyotype

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3
Q

What are the three phases of the cell cycle called

A

Interphase
Mitosis
CyTokenises

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4
Q

What do you need mitosis for

A

Growth repair and replacement

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5
Q

What happens during interphase

A

Cells grow, DNA replicated and organelles are replicated

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6
Q

What is aerobic respiration

A

This is respiration with oxygen it’s word equation is glucose + oxygen—-> water+ co2 + energy

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7
Q

What is respiration

A

This is basically turning food and oxygen in to energy this is done by enzymes and is exothermic

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8
Q

What is a the purpose of ATP

A

.To build up sugars in plants to make startch
. To build up tissues
. To maintain constant body temp
. To build up sugars proteins and other nutrients
. To build up amino acids

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9
Q

What does ATP stand for

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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10
Q

What happens when our body is unable to do aerobic respiration

A

It does anaerobic however it is only 1/20 as effective lactic acid is also created during this process which causes fatigue and oxygen debt

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11
Q

What is anaerobic respiration in yeast also called

A

Fermentation

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12
Q

What are the parts of a light microscope

A

Eye piece
Arm
Objective lens
Stage
Clip
Course focus
Fine focus
Light and base

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13
Q

How does the body deal with Latin acid

A

It is taken to the liver in the blood and ether oxygenated or turned to glucose

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14
Q

What can you see with light microscopes

A

You can see cells

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15
Q

What number zoom does an electron microscope have

A

50,000,000

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16
Q

What are the difference in light and electron microscopes

A

.One uses light one use electrons
. Electron can be used on only dead specimen
. Lights magnitude is only 2000
. Electrons can show diseases and inside cells

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17
Q

What is resolution

A

How clear something is

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18
Q

What is magnification

A

How much something can be zoomed in on

19
Q

What parts of a cell would you look at in an electron and light microscope

A

LIGHT
. Nucleus
. Cell wall

Electron
. Chloroplasts
. Mitochondria

20
Q

What is the total magnification equation

A

Total magnification= eyepiece lens magnification x objective lens magnification. Remember AIM triangle

21
Q

What is yeast

A

Yeast is a unicellular organism that respires anerobically

22
Q

What is yeast respiration equation

A

Glucose—-> ethanol + co2

23
Q

What is the independent variable

A

This is what you change

24
Q

What is the dependent variable

A

This is what stays the same

25
Q

What is a zygote

A

This is the beginning of a new humans life

26
Q

What are stem cells

A

They are the start of all cells and can turn into any in the body

27
Q

What are embryonic stem cells

A

This are stem cells taken from embryos or babies

28
Q

What are the benefits of stem cells

A

They can help treat many diseases such as cancer however in embryonic stem cells it destroys the embryos and the embryos do no consent which is seen as in ethical

29
Q

What is the problem with using adult stem cells

A

This can cause infection and can be painful

30
Q

What are the two type of stem cells

A

Embryonic, human stem cells

31
Q

What is the difference in embryonic and human stem cells

A

Embryonic can cure many diseases and can take any cell form whereas adult have less forms and less treatment powersv

32
Q

What is the process of Therapeutic cloning

A

. A body cell is taken from patient. The nucleus is separated
. The nucleus is fused with egg cell from donor
. The cell is stimulated and divided and then developed into embryo
. Stem cells are available for therapeutic use

33
Q

Where are stem cells found in plants

A

Top of shoots and in roots

34
Q

How do you work out the size of a cell

A

Actual size= size of image / magnification

35
Q

What is meristems

A

These are plant stem cells

36
Q

Where do you find meristems

A

In the top and roots of plants

37
Q

What are important about meristems

A

These improve growth of plants and are slows food to be grown

38
Q

How are meristems made

A

Via mitosis

39
Q

Why is it hard to view DNA in interphase

A

It’s so thin it’s not quite visible

40
Q

Where are adult stem cells found

A

I’m bone marrow

41
Q

What is the difference between mitosis, meiosis

A

MITOSIS
. Genetically identical
. Chromosomes stay the same number

MEIOSIS
. These are genetically unique
. Chromosomes have halved

42
Q

What is the balanced symbol equation for respiration

A

C6H12O6+ 6O2———> 6co2 + 6H2O

43
Q

List some products of fermentation in bacteria and fungi

A

Ethanol, lactic acid, Hydrogen

Biology (4 decks)

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