B2 Flashcards
What are the five kingdoms of life
Animals, plants, Fungi, protists, bacteria
Why are viruses the odd one out of the 5 kingdoms
They are not actually living organisms
Which of the 5 kingdoms of life are Eukaryotes
Animals, plants, fungi, protist
What are characteristics of eukaryotic cells
They have a nucleus and have DNA in the form of chromosomes
What type of organism is bacteria
Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms
why are antigens important
they help build immunity and kill pathigens in the body
what are pllatellets
these are chemicals whihc are released to the skin to help it form a blood clt and the a scab
what is mucus produced by
goblet cells
what does mucus doo
it helps prevent pathogens getting in the body
how can pathogens be transmited
airborne
physical contact
food
water
vectors
what do red blood cells do
they carry oxygen
what do white blood cellls do
white blood cellls fight off infection
what are the two types of white blood cells
phagocyte and lymphocyte
what do phagocytes
they detect and engulf pathogens using their antigen markers
they surrounedthe microbe with their cytoplasmto trap it
enzymes break down the microbe
what do lymphocytes do
they make antibodies
they bind to proteinsor the surface of cells called antigen markers
thy can call phagocytes to destroy a pathogen
antibodies will only join to specific markers
what do memory cells do
they can remebr pathogens allowing the body to build antibodies faster therefor deacreasing the lenghth of what ever they have
why do we have to contol the movement of plant material
as some pathogens can be deadly to others in a different area of the world
many countries including the uk isnspect these when they enter the country and infected plant material is safely disposed off
what are the four ways of protecting plants from disease
contolling movemnt of infected plant material
chemical and biological control
crop roataition
poly culture rather than monoculture
what is chemical and biological control
soem crops are sprayed with chemical fungicide up to 40 times a year to reduce the risk of infection
in biological control a new species is introduced to hunt the spreader
what is polyculture rather than monoculture
this makes them bigger targets for pathogens which can then spread easily as plants of them the same species are to close togetheer. in polyculture different plant species are so close together this makes it hard for disease to spread
some crops in ordinary plant populaitions there is alot of variaition
what is crop roataition
pathogens or their spores may remian in the soil after a crop is harvested and injects the new crop the following year
crop roataition can help prevent this because different types of plants are affected by different pathogens
what is hard immunity
this is when enough people in a populaition are immune to a disease so it cannot spread easily an then nulnerable people protected
what is liver disease how is it caused and what can it do to the human body
Anything that damages the liver also can cause liver problems, including viruses, alcohol use and obesity.
thos can lead to a large weight loss and swolen ankles may appear later on
what does non comunicable mean
Non-communicable diseases are diseases that are not spread through infection or through other people, but are typically caused by unhealthy behaviours
what are some examples of non comunicable diesases
cancer
type 2 diabetes
lung disease
liver disease
cardiovascular disease
what can you do to avoid heart disease
Eat a healthy, balanced diet. …
Be more physically active. …
Keep to a healthy weight. …
Give up smoking. …
Reduce your alcohol consumption. …
Keep your blood pressure under control. …
Keep your diabetes under control. …
Take any prescribed medicine.
what is a corelaition cause
where there is a corelaition between something and a disease or health issue
what is a causaition
this is when one qauntity causes another qauntity to change for examle number of people swimming in the sea and the number of deaths due to drowning
