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Biology > B2 > Flashcards

B2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the five kingdoms of life

A

Animals, plants, Fungi, protists, bacteria

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2
Q

Why are viruses the odd one out of the 5 kingdoms

A

They are not actually living organisms

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3
Q

Which of the 5 kingdoms of life are Eukaryotes

A

Animals, plants, fungi, protist

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4
Q

What are characteristics of eukaryotic cells

A

They have a nucleus and have DNA in the form of chromosomes

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5
Q

What type of organism is bacteria

A

Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms

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6
Q

why are antigens important

A

they help build immunity and kill pathigens in the body

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7
Q

what are pllatellets

A

these are chemicals whihc are released to the skin to help it form a blood clt and the a scab

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8
Q

what is mucus produced by

A

goblet cells

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9
Q

what does mucus doo

A

it helps prevent pathogens getting in the body

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10
Q

how can pathogens be transmited

A

airborne
physical contact
food
water
vectors

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11
Q

what do red blood cells do

A

they carry oxygen

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12
Q

what do white blood cellls do

A

white blood cellls fight off infection

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13
Q

what are the two types of white blood cells

A

phagocyte and lymphocyte

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14
Q

what do phagocytes

A

they detect and engulf pathogens using their antigen markers

they surrounedthe microbe with their cytoplasmto trap it

enzymes break down the microbe

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15
Q

what do lymphocytes do

A

they make antibodies
they bind to proteinsor the surface of cells called antigen markers

thy can call phagocytes to destroy a pathogen

antibodies will only join to specific markers

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16
Q

what do memory cells do

A

they can remebr pathogens allowing the body to build antibodies faster therefor deacreasing the lenghth of what ever they have

17
Q

why do we have to contol the movement of plant material

A

as some pathogens can be deadly to others in a different area of the world

many countries including the uk isnspect these when they enter the country and infected plant material is safely disposed off

18
Q

what are the four ways of protecting plants from disease

A

contolling movemnt of infected plant material
chemical and biological control
crop roataition
poly culture rather than monoculture

19
Q

what is chemical and biological control

A

soem crops are sprayed with chemical fungicide up to 40 times a year to reduce the risk of infection

in biological control a new species is introduced to hunt the spreader

20
Q

what is polyculture rather than monoculture

A

this makes them bigger targets for pathogens which can then spread easily as plants of them the same species are to close togetheer. in polyculture different plant species are so close together this makes it hard for disease to spread

some crops in ordinary plant populaitions there is alot of variaition

21
Q

what is crop roataition

A

pathogens or their spores may remian in the soil after a crop is harvested and injects the new crop the following year

crop roataition can help prevent this because different types of plants are affected by different pathogens

22
Q

what is hard immunity

A

this is when enough people in a populaition are immune to a disease so it cannot spread easily an then nulnerable people protected

23
Q

what is liver disease how is it caused and what can it do to the human body

A

Anything that damages the liver also can cause liver problems, including viruses, alcohol use and obesity.

thos can lead to a large weight loss and swolen ankles may appear later on

24
Q

what does non comunicable mean

A

Non-communicable diseases are diseases that are not spread through infection or through other people, but are typically caused by unhealthy behaviours

25
Q

what are some examples of non comunicable diesases

A

cancer
type 2 diabetes
lung disease
liver disease
cardiovascular disease

26
Q

what can you do to avoid heart disease

A

Eat a healthy, balanced diet. …
Be more physically active. …
Keep to a healthy weight. …
Give up smoking. …
Reduce your alcohol consumption. …
Keep your blood pressure under control. …
Keep your diabetes under control. …
Take any prescribed medicine.

27
Q

what is a corelaition cause

A

where there is a corelaition between something and a disease or health issue

28
Q

what is a causaition

A

this is when one qauntity causes another qauntity to change for examle number of people swimming in the sea and the number of deaths due to drowning

29
Q
A

Biology (4 decks)

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