Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology > B4 > Flashcards

B4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is respiration?

A

transferring energy from the breakdown of glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how do plants make glucose

A

photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how do animals make glucose

A

breaking down biomass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is ATP

A

it stores the energy that is used for essential processes like breaking and making molecules, active transport and contracting muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

why does cellular respiration occur continuously in all living cells

A

bcs organisms need the energy to survive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

is respiration exothermic or endothermic

A

exothermic because it transfers energy to the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is aerobic respiration

A
  • plenty of oxygen available
  • most efficient way of transferring energy from glucose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

equation for aerobic respiration

A

glucose and oxygen –> carbon dioxide and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where does aerobic respiration take place in eukaryotic cells

A

mitochondria bcs it contains most of the enzymes needed to control aerobic respiration reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how can u work out rate of respiration from substrate practical

A

volume of CO2/time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is anaerobic respiration

A

respiration without oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

when does anaerobic respiration happen

A

when theres little or no oxygen available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where does anaerobic respiration

A

cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

anaerobic respiration in human cells

A

during vigorous exercise, he body cant supply enough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

anaerobic respiration in plant cells

A

when the soil is waterlogged, therell be no oxygen for the roots so anaerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

anaerobic respiration in bacterial cells

A

when bacteria is somewhere with a lack of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

animals anaerobic respiration equation

A

glucose –> lactic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

plants and some microorganisms anaerobic respiration equation

A

glucose –> ethanol and carbon dioxide

19
Q

aerobic and anaerobic points for comparison:
conditions, input, outputs and ATP yield

A

conditions, input, outputs and ATP yield
aerobic: oxygen present, glucose and oxygen, carbon dioxide and water, 32 ATP per molecule of glucose
anaerobic: lack of oxygen, glucose, lactic acid/ethanol and carbon dioxide and 2 ATP per molecule of glucose

20
Q

what is in the cell cycle

A

interphase and mitosis

21
Q

what does the cell cycle do?

A

makes new cells for growth and repair

22
Q

what is mitosis used for

A

to grow (by dividing) or replace cells that have been damaged

23
Q

how to estimate number of cells after multiple divisions of mitosis

A

2^n
n=number of divisions

24
Q

what could affect the total number of cells

A

cells could die or lack of food meaning the cells could divide at slower rate

25
Q

what is cancer

A
  • if theres a mutation in the gene that controls cell division, a cell may divide uncontrollably, creating a tumour
26
Q

when does it become cancer

A

if a tumur invades and destroys surroundning tissue

27
Q

how do light microscopes work

A

by passing light through the specimen

28
Q

how do electron microscopes work

A

they use a focused beam of electrons

29
Q

what can we see with electron microscopes

A

smaller things in detail like the internal structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts

30
Q

how can we use microscopes to see the stages of mitochondria

A
  • chromosomes get stained
  • cells are viewed on a squash
  • cells get taken from the root tip where the most cells divisions
31
Q

total magnification

A

eyepiece lens magnification x objective lens magnification

32
Q

magnification

A

measured size/acual size

33
Q

what is meiosis

A

a form of cell division which produces four non-identical, haploid sex cells or gametes

34
Q

what is a specialised cell

A

a cell that is able to divide to produce any type of specialised cell
- embryonic cells

35
Q

example of specialised cell

A

blood and nerve cells

36
Q

what is differentiation

A

the process of stem cells becoming specialised

37
Q

when do cells become specialised in humans

A

eight cell stage

38
Q

adult stem cells

A
  • only certain places, like bone marrow
  • only make certain types of cells
39
Q

how do cells become specialised

A

stem cells switch off the genes they don’t need during development so active genes can produce proteins for the type of specialised cell

40
Q

what are meristem cells

A

meristems produce unspecialised cells
- they can differentiate to make any type of cell as long as the plant lives

41
Q

unspecialised cells in plants

A

xylem and phloem

42
Q

benefits of stem cells in science

A
  • used to replaced cells damaged by injury or disease
  • can crate new cures
  • new cardiac muscle cells transplanted into someone with heart disease
43
Q

risks of stem cells in science

A
  • stem cells divide quickly and if it cant be controlled in the patient, it can lead to a tumour
  • viruses live inside cells and can be transported to the recipient which makes them sicker
44
Q

ethical issues in medicine

A
  • the embryos get destroyed but its still a potential life
  • using stem cells in medicine and science is mostly regulated by the government

biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions