B4 Flashcards
Blood
Based on liquid called plasma made up of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
Red blood cells
Pick up oxygen lungs and carry to cellswhere it is needed
Red blood cells adaptation
Bioconcave discs, packed with haemoglobin that binds to oxygen and they have no nucleus making more space for haemoglobin
White blood cells
Form part of body’s defence system against microorganisms
Platelets
Help bllod clot at site of wound stopping you bleeding ot death
Blood vessles
Arteries, veins and cappilaries
Arteries
Carry blood from heart to organs of your body
Veins
Carry blood form organs towards heart
Capillaries
Form tiny vessles lining arteries and veins
Structure of heart
Left ventricle, right ventricle, valves, right atrium, left atrium, pulmonary vein from lungs, pumonary artery to lungs, aorta to body and vena cava from body
Job of respiratory system
Gas exchange
Respiration
Release of energy from glucose to oxygen. Happens in every cell where as breathing only happens in lungs
Gas exchange system
Mouth and nose, bronchioles, bronchus, diaphragm, alveoli, lungs and trachea
How are lungs adapted to maxmise gas exchange
Made up of clusters of alveoli providing large surface area-makes diffusion of oxygen and co2 efficient
Alevoilc full of blood capileries which allow diffusion to take place over short distance.
Maintain steep concentration gradient both ways making gas exchnage rapid anf effective
Phloem
Living tissues that transport sugars by photosynthesis from leaves to rest of plant.(translocation)
Xylem
Transport tissue in plant that carries water and mineral ions from soil to stem and leaves
Factors affecting transpiration
Temperature, number of leaves, air flow, humidity and light intensity
Transpiration
Plants lose water vapour through stomata and water evaporates from cell and passes out of leaf through stomata diffusion
Circulatory system
Right ventricle- pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs and takes in oxygen then blood returns to heart.
Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood around other organs of body.
How does heart contract to pump blood around body
heart’s valves-direction
four chmabers-pump blood around
Blood flows in via left and right atrium from vena cava and pulmonary vein. They contract pushing blood in ventricles. The ventricles contract forcing blood into pumonary artery and aorta out of heart
Adaptations of arteries
Blood pumped in at high pressure so walls strong and elastic
Adaptations of capillaries
Permeable walls so substances can diffuse in and out. Wall only one cell thick increasing rate of diffusion by decreasing distance over whenit occurs
Adaptation of Veins
Blood at low pressure so dont need thick walls. Have valves to keep blood flow in right direction
Adaptations of red blood cells
Bioconcave disc ehich gives large surface area for absorbing oxygen. No nucleus allowing more room to carry oxygen. Contain Red pigment called haemoglobim
Haemoglobin
In lungs it binds to oxygen to become oxyhaemoglobin. In tissue opposite happens and oxygen and haemoglobin split to release oxygen to cells
What are plants made up of
Prgans like stems, roots and leaves
How are leaves adapted for effiecinet gas exchange
Stomata which let Co2 diffuse directly into leaf
Stomata
Open and closes to allow gas exchange, take in Co2 and release oxygen and control water lost by transpiration
How can we help the heart
Artificial pacemakers, artificial hearts
