B3 Flashcards
Tissue
Group of cells with similar structure and function working together
Organ
Collection of tissues eg. Stomach
Organ system
Group of organs working together eg. Digestive sytem
The digestive system
A muscular that squeezes food through it containing many different organs
Parts of digestive system
Mouth, oesophagus, liver, stomach, pancreas, gall bladder, small intestine and large intestine
Mouth
Chop and grind food increasing surface area of food for enzymes to make contact
Oesophagus
Pushes food towards stomach
Liver
Produces bile which breaks up fat
Stomach
Where digestion continues where muscular walls chum up food into chyme
Pancreas
Produces digestive enzymes
Gall bladder
Stores bile
Large intestine
Made up of colon and rectum. Colon reabsorbs water and rectum is where faeces is collected leaving via anus
Small intestine
Made up of duodenum and ileum. Duodenum where food mixed with digestive enzymes and bile. Ileum where nutrients from food absorbed into blood
Lipids
Fats and oils and most effective energy store in body
Proteins
Used for building up cells and tissues in body. Good for muscle recovery and made up of amino acids
Carbohydrates
Provide us fuel that makes all reactions of lofe
Enzymes
Bilogical catalysts that speed up reaction
Different type of enyzymes
Amylase, lipase and protease
Amylase
Produced by slavary glands, pancreas and small intestine. Reaction happens in mouth and small intestine. Needed to digest starch breaking up into starch
Protease
Produced by stomach, small intestines and pancreas. Needed to digest protein breaking up in amino acids. Reaction ahppens in stomach and small intestine
Lipase
Prodcued by pancreas and small intestine. Needed to digest fats and oils producing fatty acids and reaction ahppens in small intestine
Factors effecting enzyme actiono
Temperature and pH- if too hot enzymes denature
Catalyst
Substance which increases the speed pf reaction
Salivary gland
Producse amylase enzyme in saliva
Sugar test
Use benedict solutiom- blue to green, yellow or red depending on amount of sugar
Starch test
Iodine solutions- browny oragne- black or blue when containing strach
Protein test
Biruet- blue to purple
Lipid test
Ethanol- cloud white layer if lipid present
What happens to air breathed in?
Goes through trachea into two tubes called bronchi one going to each lung. The bronchi split into smaller tubes called bronchioles which end at small bags called alveoli
How alveoli carry out gas exchange
Blood returns to lungs from rest of body containing lots of co2 and not much oxygen. Oxygen diffuses out of aleveolus (high concentration) into blood (low concentration). Co2 diffuss out of blood (high concentration) into alveolus (low concentration) to be breathed out
