B3h - Cloning

Question 1

How was dolly produced?

Answer 1

Nuclear transfer which involves placing the nucleus of a body cell into an egg cell

Question 2

What at is the uses of cloning?

Answer 2

• mass producing animals with desirable characteristics
• producing animals that have been genetically engineered to provide human products
• producing human embryos to supply stem cells for therapy

Question 3

What were the stages of the cloning technique that produced dolly?

Answer 3

• nucleus removed from an egg cell
• egg cell nucleus replaced with nucleus from an udder cell
• egg cell given an electric shock to make it divide
• embryo implanted into a surrogate mother sheep
• embryo grows into a clone of a sheep from which the udder cell came

Question 4

Advantages of cloned plants?

Answer 4

• can be sure of the characteristics of the plant since all plants will be genetically identical
• it is possible to mass produce plants that may be difficult to grow from seed

Question 5

Disadvantages of cloned plants?

Answer 5

• if plants become susceptible to disease or to change in environmental conditions, all plants will be affected
• lack of genetic variation

Question 6

Plant cloning by tissue culture

Answer 6

• selection of characteristics
• large number of small pieces of tissue
• aseptic technique
• use of sustainable growth medium and conditions

Question 7

Why is cloning plants easier than cloning animals?

Answer 7

• many plant cells retain ability to differentiate

- animals cells lose this ability at an early stage