B3.4 catalysts and enzymes Flashcards
what are enzymes
biological catalysts that increase the rate of reaction
what are enzymes made of
proteins, made up of long chains of amino acids
what is the starting substance of an enzyme called
the substrate
what is the substance the substrate is converted into called
the product
what is the enzymes special space caleld lol
active site
how do enzymes work
the substrate fits into the active site and the product is released, the enzyme can then be used again
what is the lock and key theory
when the substrate is complementary to the active site of one enzyme
what is the induced fit theory
the active site changes shape a little as the substrate binds to get a tighter fit
explain enzyme specificity
each enzyme can only catalyse one reaction as only one substrate fits into its active sight
what is metabolism
the sum of all the reactions in the body
what is metabolism controlled by
enzymes
what are the different types of reactions that enzymes control
1.building large molecules from smaller ones
2. changing one molecule into another
3. breaking large molecules down into smaller ones
