B3.3 spec - blood sugar and temp

Question 1

explain the importance of maintaining a constant environment in response to internal and external change`

Answer 1

as body works best at a specific temperature

• so a small temperature change can stop metabolic reactions from happening at appropriate rates

Question 2

how does exposure to cold affect the body?

Answer 2

• reduces core temperature
• enzyme reactions occur too slowly
• respiration does not release enough energy
• cells may begin to die

Question 3

how does exposure to high temperatures affect the body?

Answer 3

• increase core temperatures
• enzymes may denature
• so reactions cannot occur
• may die?

Question 4

what function does the skin have in control of body temperature?

Answer 4

• receptor cells on skin monitor external temperatures

- sends signal to brain

Question 5

what body system monitors and controls your internal body temperature?
(and which area specifically)

Answer 5

thermoregulatory center

- hypothalamus region in brain

Question 6

what measures the temperature of blood?

Answer 6

internal receptor cells

Question 7

what 3 things happen to the skin when you get too hot (in order to return to homeostasis)?

• and explain why that makes a difference

Answer 7

• body hairs lie flat (prevents insulating layer of air)
• sweat glands produce sweat (water in sweat evaporates, energy transferred from body to environment)
• vasodilation (capillaries widen, blood flow increases = heat loss increase through radiation)

Question 8

what 4 things happen to the skin when you get too cold (in order to maintain homeostasis)?

• and explain why that makes a difference

Answer 8

• body hairs stand up (allows insulating layer of air)
• shivering (muscles contract and relax quickly = more respiration = more energy transfer through heating)
• vasoconstriction (capillaries near surface of skin narrow = less blood flow = less heat loss)
• sweat glands stop producing sweat

Question 9

define homeostasis

Answer 9

the maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 10

why is it important to control blood sugar levels in the body?

Answer 10

• glucose needed by cells for respiration

Question 11

what can long periods of high blood sugar levels affect?

Answer 11

• body systems
• nerves
• blood vessels

Question 12

what would be the effect of low blood sugar levels?

Answer 12

• stops cells from respiring effectively

Question 13

explain what happens when blood sugar levels are too high

2 effects of hormone

Answer 13

1) high blood sugar level detected by pancreas
2) pancreas releases insulin
3) insulin binds to target organs

4) liver converts glycogen to glucagon
5) glycogen is stored in liver
6) or glucose moves into muscle cell for respiration

7) blood sugar levels fall

Question 14

what organ controls blood sugar levels?

Answer 14

pancreas

Question 15

when would glucagon be produced?

Answer 15

when blood sugar levels are too low

ie. during exercise

Question 16

explain what happens when blood sugar levels are too low

Answer 16

1) low blood sugar levels detected by pancreas
2) pancreas releases hormone - glucagon

3) glucagon binds to liver cells
4) causes glycogen to be broken down to glucose

5) glucose released into bloodstream
6) increase blood sugar levels

Question 17

difference between causes of type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Answer 17

type 1 - cannot produce insulin (immune system may
have destroyed pancreatic cells)
- usually begins in childhood

type 2 - can produce insulin/ but may not produce
enough
- cells are no longer receptive/ are resistant to
insulin
- usually occurs later in life
- has been linked to obesity

Question 18

how is type 1 diabetes controlled?

Answer 18

• regular injections of insulin

- balanced diet + regularly exercise

Question 19

how is type 2 diabetes controlled?

Answer 19

• regulating carb intake (diet)

- regular exercise