B1.3 - Respiration

Question 1

What is meant by the term metabolic rate?

Answer 1

The speed in which chemical reactions in your cells transfer energy from its chemical stores in food

Question 2

what is the use of vitamins and minerals in the body?

Answer 2

A variety of roles - mainly to maintain overall good health

Ie. Maintain heartbeat, build strong boned, transmit nerve impulses

Question 3

Explain the importance of sugars in:

(a) the body
(b) synthesis of carbohydrates

Answer 3

(a) they provide the body with energy

(b) they are monomers in ‘carbohydrate’ polymers

Question 4

Explain the importance of fatty acids and glycerol in:

(a) the body
(b) synthesis of its polymer

Answer 4

(a) - used as a store of insulation and energy

b) 1 glycerol molecule to 3 fatty acid monomers make the polymer lipid — (accuracy? - Sod’s law

Question 5

Explain the importance of animo acids in:

(a) the body
(b) synthesis of proteins

Answer 5

(a) used for growth and repair of body tissues

(b) animo acid monomers make protein polymers

Question 6

when fungi respire anaerobically is it

• exothermic
• or endothermic

Answer 6

exothermic

Question 7

What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?

What enzyme breaks down starch?

Answer 7

carbohydrase

starch = amylase

Question 8

What determines the protein that is synthesised?

Answer 8

The order in which animo acids are joined together

Question 9

what enzyme breaks down protein molecules?

Answer 9

protease

Question 10

what enzyme breaks down lipid molecules?

Answer 10

lipase

Question 11

once food molecules are fully digested, what happens to them?

Answer 11

1) they are absorbed into your bloodstream

2) and then travel to the cells that need them

Question 12

state the word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 12

oxygen + glucose ——> carbon dioxide + water

Question 13

state the chemical equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 13

C6H12O6 + 602 -> 6CO2 + 6H20

Question 14

why does aerobic respiration occur?

Answer 14

To react glucose with oxygen so energy can be released (or stored as ATP)

Question 15

What is ATP?

Answer 15

• Adenosine Triphosphate

- a chemical energy store in the body

Question 16

How is ATP used once produced during respiration?

3 uses

Answer 16

• to synthesise larger molecules from smaller ones (to make new cell material) - ie. larger substrates
• for movement
  ie. animals use ATP to contract muscle cells
• to stay warm
  ie. an increased rate of reaction allows more energy by heating (keep body warm)

Question 17

Where does respiration occur?

Answer 17

In the mitochondria of a cell

Question 18

describe cellular respiration - spec

Answer 18

• a universal chemical process

- that continuously occurs and supplies ATP in all living cells

Question 19

what does the number of mitochondria in a cell show, and what does it mean for muscle cells?

Answer 19

how active the cell is

Since muscle cells have a lot of mitochondria, it means they are very active (as they contract very often and so have to transfer a lot of energy)

Question 20

how are mitochondria adapted to efficiently respire?

Answer 20

• they have folded inner membrane which gives a large surface area
  (This provides more space for more metabolising proteins and therefore they are able to create more energy at one time.)

Question 21

state the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals

Answer 21

glucose —-> lactic acid

Question 22

state the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and bacteria

Answer 22

glucose ——> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 23

State one advantage of respiring aerobically compared to anaerobically

Answer 23

more ATP is produced during anaerobic respiration

Question 24

State one disadvantage of respiring anaerobically

Answer 24

lactic acid is produced - which causes pain and stops the muscle from contracting (known as fatigue)
+ cramp

Question 25

what is oxygen debt?

Answer 25

when extra oxygen inhaled is required to break down lactic acid (produced by anaerobic respiration)

Question 26

state one similarity and three difference between anaerobic respiration in plants and in animals

Answer 26

• both have glucose as a reactant
• Plants do not produce lactic acid, they produce ethanol
  or
• plants produce carbon dioxide as a product, animals do not in anaerobic respiration
  or
• buildup of ethanol can kill plants, build up of lactic acid cannot kill animals (only muscle cramps)

Question 27

state the difference between a monomer and a polymer

Answer 27

a monomer is made from single units and a polymer is made from multiple bonded units

Question 28

how many more molecules of ATP are produced by aerobic respiration compared to anaerobic respiration?

Answer 28

36

Question 29

Give an example of anaerobic respiration in plants/bacteria

Answer 29

• fermentation

- yeast blooming

Question 30

Is cellular respiration exothermic or endothermic?

and why

Answer 30

Exothermic

- body heats up by itself (as respiration is constantly occurring)