B1.3 - Respiration Flashcards
in line with specification
What is meant by the term metabolic rate?
The speed in which chemical reactions in your cells transfer energy from its chemical stores in food
what is the use of vitamins and minerals in the body?
A variety of roles - mainly to maintain overall good health
Ie. Maintain heartbeat, build strong boned, transmit nerve impulses
Explain the importance of sugars in:
(a) the body
(b) synthesis of carbohydrates
(a) they provide the body with energy
(b) they are monomers in ‘carbohydrate’ polymers
Explain the importance of fatty acids and glycerol in:
(a) the body
(b) synthesis of its polymer
(a) - used as a store of insulation and energy
b) 1 glycerol molecule to 3 fatty acid monomers make the polymer lipid — (accuracy? - Sod’s law
Explain the importance of animo acids in:
(a) the body
(b) synthesis of proteins
(a) used for growth and repair of body tissues
(b) animo acid monomers make protein polymers
when fungi respire anaerobically is it
- exothermic
- or endothermic
exothermic
What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?
What enzyme breaks down starch?
carbohydrase
starch = amylase
What determines the protein that is synthesised?
The order in which animo acids are joined together
what enzyme breaks down protein molecules?
protease
what enzyme breaks down lipid molecules?
lipase
once food molecules are fully digested, what happens to them?
1) they are absorbed into your bloodstream
2) and then travel to the cells that need them
state the word equation for aerobic respiration
oxygen + glucose ——> carbon dioxide + water
state the chemical equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 602 -> 6CO2 + 6H20
why does aerobic respiration occur?
To react glucose with oxygen so energy can be released (or stored as ATP)
What is ATP?
- Adenosine Triphosphate
- a chemical energy store in the body
How is ATP used once produced during respiration?
3 uses
- to synthesise larger molecules from smaller ones (to make new cell material) - ie. larger substrates
- for movement
ie. animals use ATP to contract muscle cells - to stay warm
ie. an increased rate of reaction allows more energy by heating (keep body warm)
Where does respiration occur?
In the mitochondria of a cell
describe cellular respiration - spec
- a universal chemical process
- that continuously occurs and supplies ATP in all living cells
what does the number of mitochondria in a cell show, and what does it mean for muscle cells?
how active the cell is
Since muscle cells have a lot of mitochondria, it means they are very active (as they contract very often and so have to transfer a lot of energy)
how are mitochondria adapted to efficiently respire?
- they have folded inner membrane which gives a large surface area
(This provides more space for more metabolising proteins and therefore they are able to create more energy at one time.)
state the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals
glucose —-> lactic acid
state the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and bacteria
glucose ——> ethanol + carbon dioxide
State one advantage of respiring aerobically compared to anaerobically
more ATP is produced during anaerobic respiration
State one disadvantage of respiring anaerobically
lactic acid is produced - which causes pain and stops the muscle from contracting (known as fatigue)
+ cramp
