B3.3: Muscle and Motility

Question 1

State that movement can occur within a body or as locomotion from one place to another.

Question 2

Compare movement in motile and sessile species.

Question 3

List an example of a motile and a sessile species.​

Question 4

Outline the relationship between muscle fibers, myofibrils and sarcomeres.

Question 5

Annotate a diagram of the sarcomere, including the role of the Z line, titin, thin actin filaments, thick myosin filaments, light band and dark band.

Question 6

Explain the sliding-filament mechanism of muscle contraction, including the role of actin, myosin heads, cross bridges, ATP, and the power stroke.​

Question 7

State that a muscle can only exert force when it contracts.

Question 8

State that lengthening of a muscle happens when it relaxes.

Question 9

Define antagonistic pairs in relation to muscle movement.

Question 10

State an example of an antagonistic pair of muscles.

Question 11

Outline the role of the titin protein in muscle stretching.

Question 12

Outline the mechanism by which the protein titin stores potential energy.​

Question 13

Annotate a diagram of a neuromuscular junction, including the function of the function of the motor neuron, acetylcholine, and muscle fiber.

Question 14

Outline the structure and function of a motor unit. ​

Question 15

Compare and contrast the structure and function of endoskeletons with exoskeletons.

Question 16

Compare the function of muscles, joints and bones to that of a lever.​

Question 17

Define synovial joint.

Question 18

State the function of structures found in a synovial joint, including the bones, cartilage, synovial fluid, ligaments, muscles and tendons.

Question 19

Label a diagram of the human hip joint inclusive of: femur, pelvis, joint capsule, synovial fluid, muscles, ligament and cartilage.

Question 20

Compare the articulation of hinge joints with that of a ball and socket joint.

Question 21

Measure the range of motion of the human hip in terms of flexion, extension, rotation, abduction and adduction.

Question 22

State the location of the internal and external intercostal muscles.

Question 23

Describe the state of contraction of the internal and external intercostal muscles during inspiration and expiration.

Question 24

Outline the mechanism by which potential energy is stored during contraction of antagonistic muscles.

Question 25

List reasons animal locomotion, with one example of each.

Question 26

Outline the adaptations for streamlining, locomotion and ventilation of lungs in marine mammals.